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. 2018 Aug 15;16:229. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1598-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Masson staining and quantitative results of atrial myocardium from patients with atrial fibrillation (AF, n = 28) and sinus rhythm (SR, n = 36). a Masson staining of representative sections from the SR group. All cardiomyocytes were regularly arrayed with little interstitial fibers. b Masson staining of representative sections from the AF group. The cardiomyocytes were disrupted by increased interstitial fibers. c Quantitative results of Masson staining. The collagen volume fraction (CVF%) of AF group was significantly higher than SR group. *P < 0.001. d Univariate linear regression curve of YKL-40 (CHI3L1) mRNA expression (independent variable) and CVF% (dependent variable)