Table 1.

NIHR funded evaluations of CLAHRCs

Title, years and funding	Design	Final report and related outputs
HS&DR-09/1809/1073: A formative evaluation of Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC): institutional entrepreneurship for service innovation [12] 2009–2012 £550,000 PI: Prof Andy Lockett	Longitudinal mixed methods. Qualitative case studies combined interview data (174 in total across all nine CLAHRCs and 4 in-depth sites), archival data and observations, over a 4-year period. Quantitative social network analysis (SNA) to capture key actors individual networks of interaction across two points in time (2011, n = 81; 2013, n = 86).	https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hsdr/hsdr02310/#/abstract Currie et al. (2013) [17] Currie et al. (2014) [16] Oborn et al. (2013) [18] Racko (2018) [19]
HS&DR-09/1809/1075: Networked innovation in the health sector: comparative qualitative study of the role of Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in translating research into practice [14] 2010–2013 £575,000 PI: Prof Harry Scarborough	Mixed-methods in 2 temporal phases. Qualitative in-depth case studies with 3 CLAHRCs and 3 similarly networked innovation initiatives in the USA and Canada. Semi-structured interviews with key participants across CLAHRC cases (phase 1, n = 67; phase 2, n = 42) and North American cases (phase 1, n = 67; phase 2, n = 42) Social network analysis via the use of survey instruments across two time points with CLAHRCs (phase 1, n = 261/367; phase 2, n = 211/333) and one time point with one North American case (n = 39/77) Analysis of cognitions via the use of a cognitive mapping tool	https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hsdr/hsdr02130/#/abstract D’Andreta et al. (2013) [21] D’Andreta et al. (2016) [20] Evans and Scarbrough (2014) [22]
HS&DR-09/1809/1072: Collective action for knowledge mobilisation: a realist evaluation of the Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care [13] 2010–2014 £600,000 PI: Prof Jo Rycroft-Malone	Longitudinal realist evaluation involving hypothesis generation, refining, testing and programme theory specification. Data derived from in-depth case studies of 3 CLAHRCs over four phases of data collection. Involved semi-interviews (n = 114 in total across all 4 phases), observation of one board meeting and two feedback sessions, documentary analysis and an interpretive forum involving members of seven CLAHRCs and other stakeholders (n = 28).	https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hsdr/hsdr03440/#/abstract Protocol published 2011 [60] Rycroft-Malone et al. (2013) [24] Rycroft-Malone et al. (2016) [23]
HS&DR-09/1809/1074: Delivering the aims of the Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care: understanding their strategies and contributions [15] 2009–2012 £465,000 PI: Dr. Ellen Nolte	Mixed methods in two temporal phases. Phase 1 mapping involved documentary analysis in combination with interviews with senior individuals, workshops, mini-conferences and/or non-participant observation of key meetings (n = 48 participants across all nine CLAHRCs). Phase 2 explored three research questions identified in phase 1 through a stakeholder survey of six CLAHRCs (n = 242), in-depth case studies of two CLAHRCs (n = 29), validation interviews with all nine CLAHRCs and the funder (n = 18), and document review.	https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hsdr/hsdr03250/#/abstract Ling et al. (2011) [25] Soper et al. (2013) [26]