Table 4.

Communication device use and Loneliness Scale scores

Communication device*	Number	Percent	Loneliness Scale score (mean ± SD)	p value
Traditional cell phones	522			0.052
Don’t have	432	82.8%	35.6 ± 9.8
< 0.5 h	61	11.7%	37.8 ± 8.5
0.5–1 h	12	2.3%	41.0 ± 8.7
1–2 h	9	1.7%	43.0 ± 8.4
2–3 h	6	1.1%	34.8 ± 10.4
≥ 3 h	2	0.4%	38.0
Don’t know	0	0.0%
No answer	1
Smartphones	522			0.001
Don’t have	65	12.5%	38.4 ± 8.5
< 0.5 h	48	9.2%	36.4 ± 10.1
0.5–1 h	113	21.6%	34.9 ± 9.0
1–2 h	138	26.4%	33.7 ± 9.1
2–3 h	96	18.4%	37.5 ± 10.1
≥ 3 h	53	10.2%	38.7 ± 11.3
Don’t know	9	1.7%	40.8 ± 6.2
No answer	1
Tablets	522			0.041
Don’t have	431	82.6%	36.1 ± 9.8
< 0.5 h	59	11.3%	34.3 ± 8.7
0.5–1 h	18	3.4%	36.2 ± 9.9
1–2 h	8	1.5%	39.8 ± 5.8
2–3 h	5	1.0%	47.8 ± 3.9
≥ 3 h	1	0.2%	46.0
Don’t know	0	0.0%
No answer	1
Personal computers	521			0.625
Don’t have	268	51.3%	35.8 ± 9.9
< 0.5 h	190	36.4%	36.1 ± 9.5
0.5–1 h	26	5.0%	36.7 ± 9.4
1–2 h	17	3.3%	38.1 ± 9.5
2–3 h	5	1.0%	42.8 ± 5.3
≥ 3 h	15	2.9%	36.4 ± 9.2
Don’t know	0	0.0%
No answer	2

*All participants used some type of communication device