Table 7.

Factors associated with loneliness as determined by multiple regression analysis

	Estimated value	95%CI		p-value
Health status
Very good	Ref.
Good	1.51	−0.11	3.13	0.067
Fair	3.10	−0.30	6.51	0.074
Subjective economic status
Stable	Ref.
Somewhat stable	−3.35	−5.64	−1.05	0.004
Somewhat unstable	−2.47	−4.90	−0.04	0.047
Unstable	0.95	−2.66	4.57	0.605
No daycare	−0.84	−2.26	0.57	0.242
LSNS-6 Family	−0.31	− 0.60	− 0.03	0.032
LSNS-6 Friends	− 0.49	− 0.78	− 0.20	0.001
LSNS-6 Mom friends	0.03	−0.20	0.26	0.812
LSNS-6 SNS	−0.21	−0.38	− 0.03	0.018
Internal Working Model (secure type)	−0.56	− 0.70	−0.41	< 0.001
Magazine and book use	−0.54	−1.59	0.50	0.307
Smartphone use
< 30 min/day	Ref.
30 min - 1 h/day	−1.01	−3.63	1.62	0.45
1-2 h/day	−1.72	−4.28	0.84	0.19
2-3 h/day	1.01	−1.70	3.72	0.46
3+ h/day	2.21	−0.83	5.26	0.15
I don’t know	0.33	−5.65	6.31	0.91
Do not own a smartphone	−0.85	−3.87	2.16	0.58
K6 ≥ 5	4.24	2.61	5.86	< 0.001

R-squared value 0.43

R-squared value adjusted for degrees of freedom 0.41

LSNS-6, abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale