Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, and main effects for group on the outcome measures (N = 180)

Group	Time 1						Time 2
	no sport		moderate		high		no sport		moderate		high
Variable	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F	p	ɳ2
Problem behaviour	12.31	5.25	10.18	4.63	10.47	5.02	12.20	4.90	10.68	4.70	10.95	4.91	2842	.061	.036
Pro-social behaviour	6.92	1.99	7.51	1.79	7.68	1.88	6.87	1.65	7.25	1.87	7.82	1.99	4307	.015	.047
Planning	2.50	0.59	2.31	0.50	2.49	0.64	2.41	0.61	2.32	0.63	2.57	0.61	1374	.257	.021
Monitoring	2.54	0.52	2.44	0.51	2.59	0.65	2.40	0.60	2.47	0.61	2.56	0.66	0.450	.638	.007
Effort	2.59	0.50	2.67	0.45	2.78	0.56	2.58	0.53	2.66	0.51	2.75	0.49	1909	.152	.029
Sense of coherence	31.11	8.02	36.30	7.27	34.53	7.71	31.24	8.06	35.81	7.24	33.33	7.72	6374	.002	.072

M mean, SD standard deviation, F statistics obtained from the between-subjects effects; the grouping variable is “average frequency of sports participation per week” at T₂: no-sport group (0), moderate-sport group (once or twice a week), high-sport group (three or more times a week); the internal consistency of the variables: Problem behaviour (T₁ α = .73; T₂ α = .72), pro-social behaviour (T₁ α = .61; T₂ α = .67), planning T₁ α = .85; T₂ α = 87), monitoring (T₁ α = .78; T₂ α = .82), effort (T₁ α = .83: T₁ α = .83), sense of coherence (T₁ α = .83; T₂ α = .84)