Table 2.
Description of co-response police mental health triage model and characteristics of included articles
| Author | Year | Country | Study Design | Sample size | Follow-up (months) | Model Type | Times of Operation | Days of operation | Vehicle | Type of response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boscarato et al. | 2014 | Australia | Qualitative | 11 | None | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Huppert & Griffiths | 2015 | Australia | Implementation | 235 | None | Ride-along model | 15.00–23.00 | 7 days a week | Marked police car | Second response |
| Lee et al. and Evangelista et al.1 | 2015 & 2016 | Australia | Mixed-methods | Quantitative: 296 Survey: 77 Qualitative: 12 |
6 | Ride-along model | 14.00–22.00 | 7 days a week7 | Marked police car | Second response |
| Mckenna et al. | 2015 | Australia | Qualitative | 17 | None | Ride-along model | 15.00–23.00 | 7 days a week | Marked police car7 | Second response |
| Furness et al. | 2017 | Australia | Cross-sectional semi structured interview | 43 | None | Ride-along model | 15.00–23.00 | 7 days a week | Marked police car7 | Second response |
| Kisely et al. | 2010 | Canada | Mixed-methods | Quantitative: 2828 Qualitative: 84 |
24 | Telephone support with non-uniformed police and clinician call-out if necessary | 00.00–00.00 | 7 days a week | Ambulance & unmarked police car7 | Second response |
| Kirst et al. | 2015 | Canada | Qualitative | 54 | None | Ride-along model | 12 h7 | 7 days a week7 | Marked police car | Second response |
| Fahim et al. | 2016 | Canada | Mixed-methods | Not reported | None | Ride-along model | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | First response |
| Lamana et al. | 2018 | Canada | Mixed methods | See footnote4 | None | Ride along model | 12 h7 | 7 days a week7 | Marked police car | Second response |
| Dyer et al. | 2015 | UK | Mixed-methods | Quantitative: 572 Qualitative: 16 |
None | Co-response nurses based at police station. Phone response. Secondary ride-along response | 12.00–00.00 | 7 days a week | Unmarked car7 | Both7 |
| Heslin et al. & Heslin et al. 2 | 2015 & 2016 | UK | Before and after & Health economics | 55 | 12 | Ride-along model | 16.30–00.00 & 09.00–00.00 | Wed - Fri & Sat - Sun | Unmarked police car | Both |
| Horspool et al. | 2016 | UK | Qualitative | 15 | None | 1) Ride-along model. 2) Ride-along with telephone support | Varied | Varied | Not reported | Not reported |
| Jenkins | 2016 | UK | Before and after | N/a5 | 6 | 1) Ride-along model 2) Telephone support | 1.) 14.00–00.00 2). 8.00–22.00 | 7 days a week | Marked car7 | Both7 |
| Keown et al. | 2016 | UK | Before and after | n/a6 | None | Ride-along model | 10.00–03.00 | 7 days a week | Unmarked car7 | Both7 |
| Lamb et al. | 1995 | USA | Retrospective case note review | 101 | 6 | Ride-along model | 16 h a day (does not specify times) | 7 days a week | Marked police car | Second response |
| Ligon & Thyrer | 2000 | USA | Cross sectional survey | 83 | None | Ride-along model | 15.00–22.30 | 7 days a week | Marked police car | Both |
| Deane et al. | 1999 | USA | Survey | 174 | None | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision |
| Scott | 2000 | USA | Mixed-methods | Quantitative: 131 Survey: 32 |
3 | Ride-along model | 15.00–22.30 | 7 days a week | Not reported | Both |
| Hails & Borum | 2003 | USA | Survey | 135 | None | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision | N/a Survey of MH provision |
| Abbott | 2011 | USA | Survey | 414 | None | Ride-along model | 16.00–00.00 | Mon – Fri7 | Marked police car | Both7 |
| Iacoboni & Scott-Hayward | 2015 | USA | Process evaluation | 33 | None | Office-based with ride-along support | Not reported | Not reported | Marked police car | Second response |
| Lopez | 2016 | USA | Retrospective case note review | 15,454 | None | Office-based with ride-along support if necessary | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Compton et al. & Compton et al.3 | 2017 | USA | Qualitative & Feasibility study | Qualitative: 49 Feasibility: 199 |
0 | Telephone support model | 24 h a day | 7 days a week | No car – police officer only | Second response |
1These two articles are part of the same study
2These two articles are part of the same study
3These two articles are part of the same study
4This study used multiple datasets. It used two administrative datasets, the first n = 4607 investigated triage user characteristics, whilst the second compare outcomes from street triage incidents against police only incidence n = 18,969. The qualitative dataset n = 15
5This study investigated service-level outcomes and did not report number of street triage interventions
6This study investigated service-level outcomes and did not report number of street triage interventions, but did report rate of ST per 100,000 (138.7 per 100 k)
7We obtained this information from contacting study authors