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. 2018 Jul 27;9:1677. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01677

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Copyright © 2018 Wasén, Erlandsson, Bossios, Ekerljung, Malmhäll, Töyrä Silfverswärd, Pullerits, Lundbäck and Bokarewa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Smoking and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (aCCP) antibodies regulate production of programed death protein 1 (PD-L1) through Fcγ-receptors. mRNA levels of Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs) IIIA and IIB and their ratio were measured in (A+B) IgG/LPS stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from aCCP antibody negative healthy controls that produced (A) low (<10 pg/ml) or high (>10 pg/ml) levels of PD-L1 in culture; (B) stimulated with aCCP+ and aCCP− IgGs; (C) T cell depleted PBMC from RA patients and healthy subjects with different aCCP status; (D) T cell depleted PBMC from RA patients and healthy subjects with different smoking status. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied. Boxes represent median with interquartile range. Whiskers indicate min and max values.