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. 2018 Jul 26;9:962. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00962

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Copyright © 2018 Sánchez-Retuerta, Suaréz-López and Henriques.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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miRNA biogenesis in plants. Cartoon depicting a simplified scheme of miRNA biogenesis in plants. MIRNA genes are first transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol-II) into primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) (1). Then, the dicing complex involving DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1), HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), and SERRATE (SE) generate the precursor-miRNA (pre-miRNA) (2) after capping, polyadenylation, and splicing. Subsequent cleavage of the pre-miRNA gives rise to the miRNA:miRNA^∗ duplex (3). Afterward, HUA ENHANCER 1 (HEN1) stabilizes the miRNA:miRNA^∗ duplex through 3′ methylation (4) and HASTY1 (HST1) (5) exports it to the cytoplasm. During ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) loading, one strand is selected (guide strand or mature miRNA) (6) and the other strand (passenger strand or miRNA^∗) is degraded (7). The miRNA strand is then loaded into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) containing AGO1, which recognizes transcripts with complementarity to the miRNA and represses the translation (8) or cleaves (9) these miRNA targets.