Table 2.
Summary of included trials (preoperative).
| Study (country) | Participants | Intervention | Outcome measures | PEDro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beaupre et al., 200419 (Canada) | CG: n = 66 (50.0%), age = 71.0 (6.1) EG: n = 65 (60.0%), age = 67.0 (7.0) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (4 w) CG: Normal activities until TKA EG: Warm up, strengthening exercise (quadriceps and hamstring) and cool-down |
WOMAC (pain, PF) Strength (extension) SF-36 (8 health dimension scales) |
7/10 |
| Brown et al., 201223 (USA) | CG: n = 15 (NR), age = NR EG: n = 17 (NR), age = NR |
Time (duration): Preoperative (8 w) CG: Usual care EG: Warm up, resistance exercise, stretching exercise, step exercise, and cool down |
SF-36 | 4/10 |
| Mckay et al., 201226 (USA) | CG: n = 12 (66.7%), age = 60.6 (8.1) EG: n = 10 (50.0%), age = 63.5 (4.9) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (6 w) CG: Strengthening exercise (upper and body) EG: Strengthening exercise (lower and body) |
WOMAC (pain, PF) Strength (extension) |
6/10 |
| Rooks et al., 200620 (USA) | CG: n = 23 (57.0%), age = 69.0 (8.0) EG: n = 22 (50.0%), age = 65.0 (8.0) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (6 w) CG: Education (preoperative exercise) EG: Aquatic therapy, bicycle exercise (moderate intensity), strengthening exercise (chest press, leg press, biceps curl, triceps kickback), and flexibility training (hip, knee, ankle flexors and extensors, and hip adductors) |
WOMAC (pain, PF) | 5/10 |
| Skoffer et al., 201625 (Denmark) | CG: n = 29 (58.6%), age = 70.1 (6.4) EG: n = 30 (63.3%), age = 70.7 (7.3) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (6 w) CG: Normal activities until TKA EG: Warm up bike, leg press, knee extension, knee flexion, hip extension, hip abduction, hip adduction in strength training machines |
Pain (NRS) Strength (extension) |
8/10 |
| Soni et al., 201224 (USA) | CG: n = 28 (46.3%), age = 69.9 (7.9) EG: n = 28 (53.6%), age = 66.9 (9.8) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (4 w) CG: Education (preoperative exercise) EG: Exercise + acupuncture exercise Exercise = strengthening exercise (quadriceps), balance training, ROM exercise (knee flexion/extension), and functional exercise (sit to stand and stair climbing) |
Pain (VAS) HAD-A/D |
7/10 |
| Topp et al., 200921 (USA) | CG: n = 28 (36%), age = 63.5 (6.68) EG: n = 26 (27%), age = 64.1 (7.05) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (5 w) CG: Normal activities until TKA EG: Strengthening exercise (hip, knee, ankle), flexibility training (trunk and LL only), and functional exercise (squat and step training) |
Pain (VAS) Strength (extension) |
4/10 |
| Williamson et al., 200722 (UK) | CG: n = 61 (54.1%), age = 70.0 (8.8) EG: n = 60 (51.7%), age = 69.6 (10) |
Time (duration): Preoperative (6 w) CG: Education (preoperative exercise) EG: Strengthening exercise (quadriceps), balance training, ROM exercise (knee flexion/extension), and functional exercise (sit to stand and stair climbing) |
Pain (VAS) HAD-A/D |
8/10 |
Abbreviations: CG, control group; EG, experimental group; Preoperative, effects of preoperative exercise interventions versus standard care; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; PF, physical function; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey; HAD-A/D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression score for anxiety/depression; VAS, visual analogue scale; NR, no record; NRS, numerical rating scale; ROM, range of motion; LL, lower limb.