Figure 1.

Whole-blood microarray analysis of patients with Chagas disease. Whole-blood transcriptome for 150 patients (30 per group) assigned to 4 different clinical/parasitological groups based on Chagas disease and Trypanosoma cruzi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) status, as well as seronegative controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. All possible comparisons between any 2 groups (10 comparisons in total) were performed to identify genes highly expressed in one of the groups. Genes were considered highly expressed in the group if they were upregulated in at least 2 comparisons (P < .05; fold change, >1.25) in the control group, the asymptomatic (ASY), PCR-negative group, and the ASY PCR-positive group. Abbreviations: CCC, chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy; FC, fold change; Mod, moderate; Sev, severe; −, negative; +, positive.