Fig. 1.

Experimental arrangement. A: Photograph of a preparation. The preparation was placed with the ventral surface up and bent ventrally at around T1 to turn the section upward, and was pinned at the midline of C5 and T1 on an L-shaped silicone rubber plate (approximately 1-mm thick, 4–6 mm × 20–25 mm with a 2.5-mm-high vertical wall). The fourth cervical ventral root (C4VR) and the third thoracic ventral root (T3VR) were incorporated into glass suction electrodes. A glass electrode for the whole-cell patch-clamp recording was inserted from the surface of the cross-section. B: Schematic drawing of panel A.