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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer. 2015 Dec 30;122(6):917–928. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29857

Table 3.

Fitted Cox Model Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weights (IPTWs)

Parameter
All cause deaths
EC-specific deaths
Cardiac-specific deaths
Pulmonary-specific deaths
Other cause deaths
HR 95% CI Pr > ChiSq HR 95% CI Pr > ChiSq HR 95% CI Pr > ChiSq HR 95% CI Pr > ChiSq HR 95% CI Pr > ChiSq
Radiation Treatment
 3D Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 IMRT 0.831 0.725 0.952 0.0075 0.934 0.795 1.097 0.4063 0.183 0.062 0.544 0.0022 1.111 0.367 3.363 0.8525 0.543 0.351 0.842 0.0064
Age
 66-70 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 71-75 1.026 0.907 1.16 0.6871 0.952 0.816 1.11 0.5276 0.893 0.512 1.558 0.6893 0.674 0.245 1.853 0.4442 1.292 0.935 1.784 0.1202
 76-80 1.201 1.056 1.366 0.0054 1.18 1.008 1.382 0.04 0.935 0.512 1.709 0.8279 1.043 0.393 2.768 0.9318 1.383 0.976 1.959 0.0679
 >80 1.324 1.158 1.514 <.0001 1.208 1.024 1.426 0.025 1.939 1.11 3.386 0.02 0.917 0.286 2.941 0.8835 1.285 0.877 1.881 0.1983
Year of Diagnosis
 2002 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 2003 0.962 0.818 1.13 0.6348 0.952 0.79 1.148 0.6053 0.761 0.412 1.405 0.382 0.163 0.029 0.909 0.0386 1.151 0.751 1.765 0.5189
 2004 1.033 0.876 1.219 0.6974 0.921 0.76 1.117 0.4037 1.109 0.599 2.053 0.7416 0.863 0.279 2.668 0.7982 1.257 0.812 1.945 0.3057
 2005 0.981 0.826 1.166 0.8311 0.918 0.751 1.122 0.4043 0.473 0.218 1.026 0.0582 1.276 0.436 3.735 0.6563 1.162 0.736 1.832 0.5197
 2006 0.982 0.826 1.167 0.8338 0.878 0.717 1.074 0.206 0.685 0.339 1.386 0.2933 0.99 0.318 3.078 0.9856 0.869 0.536 1.408 0.568
 2007 1.123 0.945 1.333 0.1877 0.877 0.713 1.078 0.2113 0.827 0.42 1.628 0.583 0.437 0.1 1.904 0.2705 1.37 0.876 2.142 0.1679
 2008 1.165 0.955 1.421 0.1312 0.793 0.621 1.013 0.0634 0.494 0.198 1.236 0.1317 0.787 0.157 3.931 0.77 1.4 0.801 2.448 0.2376
 2009 1.046 0.859 1.273 0.6545 0.255 0.181 0.359 <.0001 0.085 0.013 0.536 0.0087 - - - - 0.575 0.28 1.179 0.1307
Marital Status
 Married Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Not married 1.155 1.037 1.287 0.0088 1.139 0.998 1.301 0.0538 1.338 0.844 2.122 0.216 1.656 0.723 3.794 0.2333 0.904 0.653 1.251 0.5421
 Unknown 1.076 0.833 1.389 0.5747 0.925 0.653 1.311 0.6617 0.965 0.321 2.905 0.9498 - - - - 0.986 0.476 2.042 0.9706
Race/Ethnicity
 White Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Hispanic 0.766 0.622 0.944 0.0122 0.733 0.562 0.955 0.0215 0.964 0.441 2.107 0.9269 0.634 0.123 3.256 0.5849 0.702 0.412 1.197 0.194
 Black 0.999 0.848 1.178 0.9931 1.015 0.831 1.241 0.8814 1.263 0.637 2.502 0.5038 0.659 0.158 2.757 0.5683 0.845 0.537 1.33 0.4674
 Other 1.088 0.826 1.432 0.5485 1.029 0.742 1.427 0.8641 0.775 0.176 3.425 0.7372 2.988 0.684 13.045 0.1455 1.012 0.419 2.443 0.979
Histology
 Adeno Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 SCCA 1.064 0.963 1.176 0.2238 1.086 0.96 1.229 0.1911 0.952 0.613 1.479 0.8262 1.48 0.668 3.275 0.3339 0.944 0.717 1.242 0.6815
Stage
 Localized Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Regional 1.261 1.149 1.383 <.0001 1.258 1.122 1.411 <.0001 0.855 0.581 1.257 0.4248 1.285 0.62 2.662 0.5003 1.235 0.961 1.586 0.099
Gender
 Female Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Male 1.094 0.984 1.216 0.0972 1.112 0.975 1.268 0.1124 0.988 0.636 1.533 0.9558 0.956 0.417 2.193 0.9152 0.938 0.704 1.251 0.6633
Surgery After Radiation
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 0.581 0.509 0.663 <.0001 0.494 0.416 0.588 <.0001 0.543 0.276 1.068 0.0769 0.507 0.167 1.54 0.2309 0.872 0.635 1.197 0.3957
Grade
 Well differentiated Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Moderately differentiated 0.97 0.788 1.194 0.7716 1.051 0.811 1.363 0.7063 0.764 0.337 1.731 0.5189 0.715 0.162 3.151 0.6581 0.844 0.508 1.401 0.5111
 Poorly differentiated 1.114 0.841 1.476 0.4522 1.157 0.815 1.643 0.4133 0.804 0.248 2.601 0.7154 0.716 0.092 5.555 0.7495 0.952 0.511 1.772 0.8757
 Undifferentiated 1.146 0.927 1.416 0.2074 1.254 0.964 1.633 0.0922 0.902 0.395 2.058 0.8056 1.434 0.331 6.209 0.6297 0.733 0.427 1.259 0.2608
 Unknown 0.999 0.799 1.249 0.9931 1.014 0.767 1.342 0.9211 1.104 0.464 2.628 0.8223 0.25 0.034 1.845 0.1739 0.892 0.514 1.547 0.6834
Charlson Score
 0 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 1 1.136 1.024 1.259 0.0157 1.025 0.901 1.166 0.7061 1.777 1.113 2.838 0.0161 3.887 1.732 8.723 0.001 1.333 1.021 1.739 0.0345
 2+ 1.451 1.279 1.646 <.0001 1.253 1.069 1.47 0.0055 4.288 2.716 6.769 <.0001 4.534 1.748 11.76 0.0019 1.311 0.912 1.885 0.1441
SEER Region
 California + Hawaii Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 6 SEER Regions Combined** 0.94 0.822 1.076 0.3697 0.846 0.719 0.996 0.044 1.159 0.651 2.065 0.6152 1.075 0.344 3.363 0.9006 1.462 0.95 2.249 0.0842
 Greater Georgia 1.269 1.069 1.506 0.0065 1.156 0.938 1.424 0.1731 1.254 0.577 2.726 0.5672 1.17 0.247 5.548 0.843 2.175 1.312 3.607 0.0026
 Kentucky 1.273 1.04 1.558 0.0192 1.244 0.975 1.588 0.0787 1.355 0.562 3.269 0.4988 1.744 0.366 8.302 0.4846 1.546 0.81 2.952 0.1863
 Louisiana 1.029 0.834 1.27 0.7883 0.872 0.668 1.139 0.3144 1.042 0.407 2.665 0.9315 1.699 0.299 9.645 0.5496 1.813 0.984 3.341 0.0563
 New Jersey 0.833 0.706 0.984 0.0312 0.709 0.576 0.874 0.0012 1.091 0.53 2.247 0.8135 0.533 0.14 2.033 0.3569 1.449 0.881 2.383 0.1442
 Texas 0.99 0.73 1.343 0.9502 0.941 0.629 1.406 0.7649 0.968 0.257 3.65 0.9616 - - - - 2.657 1.147 6.155 0.0226
Chemotherapy
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Yes 0.631 0.558 0.713 <.0001 0.625 0.539 0.724 <.0001 0.663 0.399 1.103 0.1138 1.113 0.322 3.852 0.8654 0.54 0.384 0.76 0.0004
Rural/Urban
 Big metro Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Less Urban 0.953 0.804 1.13 0.5803 0.987 0.801 1.217 0.905 0.607 0.266 1.389 0.2374 0.499 0.107 2.334 0.3769 0.824 0.527 1.286 0.3936
 Metro 1.175 1.06 1.302 0.0021 1.174 1.035 1.331 0.0127 1.025 0.659 1.596 0.9116 0.361 0.136 0.958 0.0408 1.116 0.84 1.483 0.4487
 Rural 1.202 0.874 1.653 0.2586 1.022 0.668 1.565 0.9197 0.343 0.042 2.774 0.3159 3.051 0.59 15.775 0.1832 1.82 0.909 3.646 0.0909
 Urban 1.066 0.883 1.287 0.508 1.066 0.845 1.346 0.5895 1.891 0.971 3.683 0.0612 0.799 0.193 3.303 0.7565 0.828 0.485 1.415 0.49
Education
 Lowest Quartile Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 2nd Quartile 1.17 1.022 1.34 0.0228 1.164 0.985 1.375 0.0754 1.749 0.921 3.32 0.0876 2.132 0.72 6.316 0.1718 1.003 0.676 1.486 0.99
 3rd Quartile 1.063 0.913 1.238 0.4319 1.088 0.903 1.311 0.3777 1.384 0.68 2.82 0.3702 2.522 0.747 8.521 0.1363 1.174 0.761 1.813 0.4679
 Highest Quartile 1.096 0.913 1.315 0.3264 0.971 0.775 1.218 0.8004 1.124 0.495 2.551 0.7792 2.028 0.441 9.314 0.3634 1.659 1.003 2.743 0.0486
Poverty
 Lowest Quartile Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 2nd Quartile 0.9 0.788 1.027 0.1188 0.874 0.742 1.029 0.1065 0.567 0.295 1.089 0.0882 1.059 0.396 2.829 0.9089 0.853 0.585 1.244 0.409
 3rd Quartile 1.048 0.897 1.223 0.5572 0.979 0.808 1.187 0.8319 1.605 0.83 3.102 0.1595 0.322 0.079 1.309 0.1133 0.828 0.528 1.301 0.4135
 Highest Quartile 0.998 0.824 1.208 0.9816 0.954 0.754 1.208 0.6984 1.135 0.506 2.548 0.7589 0.728 0.168 3.158 0.672 0.927 0.546 1.575 0.7801
Physicians Board Certified
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Unknown 1.213 0.6 2.453 0.5914 0.858 0.356 2.068 0.7338 19.84 1.717 229.262 0.0167 - - - - 0.667 0.099 4.504 0.6773
 Yes 1.072 0.814 1.413 0.6209 1.003 0.722 1.392 0.986 2.788 0.641 12.122 0.1714 0.608 0.092 4.02 0.6053 0.982 0.436 2.214 0.9655
Graduation Years
 Prior to 1980 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 1980-1989 1.031 0.823 1.292 0.7904 1.072 0.809 1.421 0.6299 1.011 0.424 2.409 0.9807 11.87 0.529 266.14 0.119 0.98 0.501 1.918 0.9526
 After 1990 1.097 0.825 1.458 0.5253 1.135 0.798 1.614 0.4825 1.5 0.45 5.002 0.5091 12.59 0.359 442.04 0.163 0.766 0.333 1.764 0.5315
Physician Gender
 Female Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Male 1.007 0.886 1.145 0.9119 0.934 0.799 1.092 0.3915 1.609 0.881 2.939 0.1219 0.987 0.346 2.815 0.9802 1.169 0.793 1.722 0.4308
Physician US Trained
 No Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 Unknown 1.602 0.794 3.229 0.1879 1.634 0.685 3.896 0.268 0.045 0.005 0.385 0.0047 - - - - 11.651 0.891 152.4 0.0612
 Yes 0.981 0.854 1.127 0.7826 0.984 0.83 1.165 0.8477 0.648 0.375 1.121 0.1209 1.383 0.372 5.149 0.6286 1.196 0.809 1.769 0.3685
Physician Type
 DO Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 MD 1.352 0.874 2.092 0.1756 1.212 0.736 1.995 0.4505 0.402 0.088 1.831 0.2386 0.149 0.025 0.91 0.0391 5.734 0.65 50.54 0.1158
Physician Training Years
 3-13 Ref Ref Ref Ref Ref
 13-19 1.028 0.857 1.233 0.7661 0.983 0.789 1.225 0.8788 1.293 0.529 3.163 0.5732 0.753 0.141 4.034 0.7409 1.199 0.714 2.014 0.4918
 19-28 1.158 0.925 1.451 0.2001 1.185 0.902 1.556 0.2226 1.925 0.664 5.579 0.2275 0.711 0.094 5.379 0.7416 1.091 0.586 2.03 0.7845
 28-61 0.959 0.699 1.315 0.7944 0.902 0.613 1.328 0.6026 1.457 0.396 5.363 0.5716 8.283 0.183 375.59 0.2773 1.104 0.456 2.669 0.8268
 Unknown 0.915 0.627 1.336 0.6469 0.945 0.602 1.483 0.8054 1.518 0.434 5.306 0.5132 - - - - 1.42 0.473 4.265 0.5318
Number of Fractions
 number of Fractions 0.971 0.965 0.976 <.0001 0.964 0.958 0.97 <.0001 0.983 0.96 1.006 0.1519 0.997 0.95 1.047 0.9131 0.985 0.97 1 0.0538
**

The 6 SEER Regions are: Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, New Mexico, Seattle, Utah.