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. 2014 Dec 11;1(4):409–421. doi: 10.2217/hep.14.21

Table 2. . Indications of liver transplantation for neuroendocrine tumors liver metastases (series of at least 10 patients, published in English after 1990).

Study Period n Design Indications for LT UAE MVT LM differentiation and Ki67 Location of primary tumor Ref.
Multicentric series
LeTreut 1989–2005 85 21 French centers

  • Hormonal syndrome (24%)

  • Tumor bulk (27%)

  • Failure of other therapies (42%)

 8% Well: 87%
Poor: 13%

  • DP: 47%

  • GI tract: 31%

  • Bronchial tree: 6%

  • Unknown: 16%

 [11]
LeTreut 1982–2009 213 35 European centers

  • Hormonal syndrome (17%)

  • Tumor bulk (24%)

  • Oncological (54%)

  • TACE complications (n = 9)

 4.7% Well: 79% Moderate: 11% Poor 10%

  • DP: 45%

  • Stomach: 4%

  • Small bowel: 30%

  • Colon: 2%

  • Rectum: 2%

  • Bronchial tree: 8%

  • Unknown: 14%

 [9]
Bechstein 1988–1993 30 14 centers worldwide – 33% –

  • DP: 53%

  • Stomach: 7%

  • Small bowel: 20%

  • Lung: 7%

  • Colon: 4%

  • Rectum: 4%

  • Unspecified: 4%

 [4]
N'Guyen 1988–2011 184 UNOS database         [7]
Gedaly 1988–2008 150 UNOS database   8.7%  

  • Unspecified: 47%

  • Carcinoid: 34%

  • Noncarcinoid: 19%

 [12]
Monocentric series
Coppa 1987–1999 29 1 center (Italy); resection (n = 20) vs LT (n = 9)

  • Age <50 years

  • NETs from GI tract

  • <50% liver involvement

  • No extrahepatic disease

  • Carcinoid tumors

  • Stable disease

 0 – 100%: pancreas–ileum [5]
VanVilsteren 1998–2006 19 1 center from The Netherlands

  • Histological confirmation of NET

  • Bilobar irresectable LMs

  • Primary resected (unknown excluded)

  • No extrahepatic disease

 0 G1 and G2: 100% -Ki67 <2%: 83% -Ki67 >2%: 17%

  • Ileum/small bowel: 37%

  • Pancreas: 58%

  • Liver: 5%

 [13]
Rosenau 1982–1997 19 1 German center All patients were symptomatic (hormone-related problems = 9, pain/debility = 11) TACE complications (n = 1) 0 G1 and G2: 100% Ki67 <5%: 59% Ki67 >5%: 41%

  • Small bowel: 32%

  • Pancreas: 53%

  • Stomach: 5%

  • Lung: 5%

  • Unknown: 5%

 [8]
Marin 1996–2006 10 1 Spanish center – 0 –

  • Pancreas: 60%

  • Small bowel: 40%

 [14]
Cahlin 1997–2003 10 1 Swedish center – 33% G1 and G2: 100% Ki67 <2%: 56% 2 <Ki67 <10%: 33% 10 <Ki67 <20%: 11%

  • Pancreas: 60%

  • Small bowel: 20%

  • Lung: 10%

  • Rectum: 10%

 [15]
Florman 1992–2002 11 1 US center – 0 –

  • Nonfunct NET 55%

  • Carcinoid: 27%

  • VIPoma: 18%

  • Unknown primary: 9%

 [16]
Lang 1982–1996 12 2 German centers – 0 –

  • Small bowel: 42%

  • Pancreas: 42%

  • Stomach: 8%

  • Lung: 8%

 [17]
Lang 1989–1997 10 2 German centers – 10% – Pancreas: 100% [18]
Routley 1983–1993 11 1 English center

  • HMG + pain (55%)

  • Hormone-related symptoms (45%)

 – –

  • Lung: 27%

  • Pancreas: 18%

  • Ileum: 9%

  • Anal canal: 9%

 [19]
Ahlman 1997–2004 12 1 Swedish center – 33% Ki67 <10%

  • Pancreas: 67%

  • Carcinoid: 33%

 [20]
Personal series 1989–2013 25 Beaujon Hospital

  • Hormonal secretion (55%)

  • Failure of other treatments (45%)

 4% Ki67 <10%

  • Pancreas: 45%

  • Lung: 5%

  • Ileum–jejunum: 25%

  • Stomach: 5%

  • Colon: 5%

  • Unknown primary: 15%

  

DP: Duodenopancreas; GI: Gastrointestinal; HMG: Hepatomegaly; LM: Liver metastases; LT: Liver transplantation; MVT: Multivisceral transplantation; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; Nonfunct: Nonfunctional; TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; UAE: Upper abdominal exenteration; UNOS: United Network for Organ Sharing.