TABLE 1.
Optical, Thermal, and Damage Parameters for Computer Simulations of Transvaginal and Transurethral Laser Therapy
| Vaginal wall | Endopelvic fascia | Urethral wall | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Optical properties (Monte Carlo) | |||
| Absorption coefficient (μa) cm−1 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.5 |
| Scattering coefficient (μs) cm−1 | 21.6 | 484 | 239 |
| Anisotropy factor (g) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Index of refraction (n) | 1.38 | 1.39 | 1.39 |
| Tissue thickness (mm) | 2.7 | 4.3 | 2.4 |
| References | [21,22,26] | [21,22,27,28] | [21,22,29] |
| Thermal properties (heat transfer) | |||
| Thermal conductivity (κ) W/m-k | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.46 |
| Specific heat (c) J/kg-k | 3,655 | 3,200 | 3,306 |
| Density (ρ) kg/m3 | 1,088 | 1,085 | 1,102 |
| References | [30] | [30] | [31] |
| Damage parameters (damage integral) | |||
| Frequency factor (A) s−1 | 5.73 × 1034 | 1.61 × 1045 | 5.60 × 1063 |
| Activation energy (Ea) J/mol | 2.40 × 105 | 3.06 × 105 | 4.30 × 105 |
| Tcrit (°C) | 88.0 | 80.4 | 78.9 |
| References | [32] | [32] | [32] |
A laser wavelength of 1,064 nm, incident power of 5.0 W, spot diameter of 5.0 mm, and irradiation time of 15 seconds was used.