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. 2018 Mar 15;2(4):217–226. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10037

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of estrogen (E2) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) on human osteoblast cell growth at 24 hours. (A) Effect of estradiol, S1P, and an S1PR agonist on osteoblast cell proliferation. At 24 hours, estradiol (10 nM) increased proliferation 20% relative to control. S1P (1 μM) or SEW2871 (1 μM) induced cell growth but less than estradiol, 14% and 10%, respectively. Mean ± SEM, n = 6.*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control. (B) Sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKi) reduces the estradiol effect on proliferation. SKi alone did not affect proliferation (second bar); SKi with estrogen reduced the effect of estrogen on cell proliferation by two‐thirds. Mean ± SEM, n = 4. **p < 0.01, ns (not significant), versus control; *p < 0.05 relative to estrogen only.