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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epidemiology. 2018 May;29(3):333–341. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000809

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics

Age, y, mean (SD) 60.1 (11.9)
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) 28.5 (5.4)
Pack-years, mean (SD) 8.1 (14.5)
Pack-years among former smokers, mean (SD) 17.0 (17.1)
Median census tract owner-occupied home value, $, mean (SD) 225,000 (113,000)
Population density of census tract, persons/km2, mean (SD) 1,051 (3,024)
Lung volume, L, mean (SD) 4.9 (1.2)
Lung mass, g, mean (SD) 849 (166)
Median lung density, Hounsfield units, mean (SD) −864 (41)
Airway lumen diameter, mm, mean (SD) 4.8 (0.9)
Airway wall area, %, mean (SD) 53.9 (5.6)
Presence of visual emphysema, % 11
Male, % 49
Smoker in household in adulthood, % 23
Smoking status, %
 Never 52
 Former 48
Education, %
 <High school 1
 High school 20
 Some college 30
 College graduate 48

Data calculated from 2,545 non-smoking participants enrolled in the chest computed tomography (CT) sub-study. Of these, 2,353 provided CT measures of lung volume, mass, and density, 2,013 had measures of the airway lumen diameter and wall area, and 2,430 had a determination of visual emphysema.