Table 4.
Associations of Distance to Major Road by Category and Lung Computed Tomography Measures
| Difference in Outcome Compared to Referencea (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|
| Lung volume, mL | |
| <100 m | 108 (8, 207) |
| 100-<200 m | 114 (−6, 235) |
| 200-<400 m | −7 (−112, 99) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
| Lung mass, g | |
| <100 m | 0.6 (−9.1, 10.3) |
| 100-<200 m | 8.7 (−3.1, 20.5) |
| 200-<400 m | −5.0 (−15.3, 5.3) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
| Median lung density, HU | |
| <100 m | −3.7 (−8.0, 0.7) |
| 100-<200 m | −3.5 (−8.8, 1.8) |
| 200-<400 m | −0.6 (−5.2, 4.0) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
| Odds of emphysema | |
| <100 m | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) |
| 100-<200 m | 1.4 (0.8, 2.3) |
| 200-<400 m | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
| Airway wall area % | |
| <100 m | 0.21 (−0.46, 0.88) |
| 100-<200 m | 0.05 (−0.77, 0.86) |
| 200-<400 m | 0.08 (−0.63, 0.79) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
| Airway lumen diameter, mm | |
| <100 m | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.07) |
| 100-<200 m | −0.01 (−0.14, 0.12) |
| 200-<400 m | 0.00 (−0.11, 0.11) |
| 400-<1,000 m | Reference |
a
Adjusted for sex, age, height and height2, weight, education (no high school diploma, completed high school, some college, college degree or higher), median owner-occupied home value and population density from 2000 census tract, smoking status (former vs never), pack-years of smoking, smoking by others in household, cohort, and date of exam.