Table 3.

Serum (mean ± SD) concentrations of free carnitine and acylcarnitines (µmol/L) in diseased and healthy milus and in control horses¹ and horses with EAM² (nonsurvivors)¹

	Healthy milus (n = 11)	Diseased milus nonsurvivors (n = 10)	Control horses (n = 44)	Horses with EAM nonsurvivors (n = 40)
Free carnitine
Free carnitine	79.42 ± 61.86	121.11 ± 50.31	26.02 ± 1.07	87.04 ± 7.95
Short-chain acylcarnitines (C2 to C5)
C2-carnitine	13.02 ± 9.42	20.00 ± 11.36	8.77 ± 0.67	55.23 ± 4.24
C3-carnitine	0.50 ± 0.44	0.65 ± 0.40	0.56 ± 0.03	2.92 ± 0.27
C3DC-carnitine	0.04 ± 0.04	0.06 ± 0.03	0.03 ± 0.00	0.34 ± 0.04
C4-carnitine	1.42 ± 2.70	6.23 ± 6.44	0.36 ± 0.02	26.62 ± 3.67
C5-carnitine	0.68 ± 1.22	2.06 ± 1.61	0.21 ± 0.01	24.71 ± 3.20
C5-OH-carnitine	0.08 ± 0.04**	0.11 ± 0.05**	0.06 ± 0.0	0.56 ± 0.07
C5DC-carnitine	0.29 ± 0.48	0.51 ± 0.56	0.18 ± 0.01	2.20 ± 0.28
Medium-chain acylcarnitines (C6 to C10)
C6-carnitine	0.06 ± 0.10***	0.39 ± 0.45***	0.04 ± 0.00	5.40 ± 0.81
C8-carnitine	0.06 ± 0.09	0.17 ± 0.15	0.02 ± 0.00	1.45 ± 0.18
C8:1-carnitine	0.04 ± 0.05	0.04 ± 0.02	0.09 ± 0.01	1.26 ± 0.15
C10-carnitine	0.04 ± 0.07	0.13 ± 0.12	0.02 ± 0.00	0.76 ± 0.09
C10:1-carnitine	0.02 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.07
C10:2-carnitine	0.01 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	1.31 ± 0.14
Long-chain acylcarnitines (C12 to C18)
C12-carnitine	0.16 ± 0.38	0.34 ± 0.22	0.04 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.03
C12:1-carnitine	0.04 ± 0.09	0.06 ± 0.04	0.02 ± 0.00	0.23 ± 0.03
C14-carnitine	0.22 ± 0.56	0.63 ± 0.42	0.03 ± 0.00	0.21 ± 0.02
C14:1-carnitine	0.07 ± 0.15	0.23 ± 0.15	0.03 ± 0.00	0.32 ± 0.04
C16-carnitine	0.80 ± 2.27	2.59 ± 1.8	0.14 ± 0.04	0.68 ± 0.07
C16:1-carnitine	0.13 ± 0.36	0.40 ± 0.28	0.02 ± 0.00	0.24 ± 0.03
C18-carnitine	0.33 ± 0.68	2.81 ± 1.86	0.07 ± 0.01	0.28 ± 0.02
C18:1-carnitine	0.31 ± 0.85	0.77 ± 0.44	0.04 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.06

¹ Boemer et al., 2017.

²EAM = equine atypical myopathy.

**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; superscripts indicate statistically greater values in diseased vs. healthy milus.