Table 4.
Effects of replacing cottonseed hulls with ground woody products on goat blood serum profile
| Item1 | Diet2 | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSH | RED | BLUE | ONE | ERC | MESQ | SEM3 | Treatment | |
| Period 1 | ||||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 71.4 | 71.6 | 74.1 | 68.8 | 74.8 | 73.1 | 2.2 | |
| day 26 | 77.4 | 72.5 | 73.4 | 70.5 | 70.6 | 68.0* | 2.3 | 0.06 |
| NEFA, mEq/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.04 | |
| day 26 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.09† | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| BHB, µmol/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 283.8 | 337.9 | 288.4 | 269.5 | 279.3 | 292.3 | 33.7 | |
| day 26 | 264.0 | 362.1† | 375.1* | 334.9 | 322.2 | 330.3 | 28.5 | 0.08 |
| SUN, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 17.7 | 20.3 | 19.2 | 17.9 | 1.5 | |
| day 26 | 14.4 | 21.0* | 20.6* | 22.1* | 22.2* | 18.2† | 1.2 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.71 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.04 | |
| day 26 | 0.64 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.79 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.05 | |
| day 26 | 0.11 | 0.13* | 0.12 | 0.13* | 0.13* | 0.15* | 0.05 | < 0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 0.06 | |
| day 26 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Globulin, g/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 0.1 | |
| day 26 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.19 |
| A:G | ||||||||
| day 0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.05 | |
| day 26 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
| TP g/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 0.1 | |
| day 26 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| ALT, U/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 13.2 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 1.0 | |
| day 26 | 14.8 | 17.6 | 16.0 | 18.3* | 15.2 | 15.2 | 1.0 | 0.05 |
| AST, U/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 50.8 | 53.9 | 50.6 | 54.7 | 54.7 | 50.0 | 2.7 | |
| day 26 | 51.6 | 59.8 | 56.2 | 62.2 | 54.6 | 65.3 | 5.5 | 0.34 |
| GGT, U/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 36.4 | 40.3 | 36.1 | 39.1 | 37.9 | 39.2 | 2.5 | |
| day 26 | 38.9 | 41.6 | 39.0 | 44.0 | 47.4† | 34.9 | 2.6 | 0.02 |
| CPK, U/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 170.1 | 206.3 | 170.6 | 129.3 | 212.7 | 207.3 | 32.7 | |
| day 26 | 79.8 | 101.1 | 96.4 | 119.9* | 78.2 | 127.2* | 11.1 | 0.002 |
| Ca, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 9.9 | 0.1 | |
| day 26 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.0 | 0.1 | 0.86 |
| P, mg/dL | ||||||||
| day 0 | 12.4 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 0.5 | |
| day 26 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 9.1† | 10.0 | 7.9* | 9.1† | 0.5 | 0.003 |
| Mg, mEq/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.1 | |
| day 26 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.30 |
| Cl, mEq/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 113.5 | 115.2 | 114.7 | 113.1 | 113.0 | 113.5 | 1.1 | |
| day 26 | 113.5 | 113.5 | 114.3 | 113.7 | 115.6 | 116.8* | 0.9 | 0.03 |
| Na, mEq/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 153.0 | 152.6 | 155.1 | 151.1 | 152.1 | 151.7 | 1.1 | |
| day 26 | 152.9 | 152.8 | 154.0 | 152.8 | 153.0 | 153.2 | 1.0 | 0.93 |
| K, mEq/liter | ||||||||
| day 0 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 0.3 | |
| day 26 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 0.3 | 0.10 |
| Na:K ratio | ||||||||
| day 0 | 20.9 | 22.3 | 23.4 | 23.5 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 1.2 | |
| day 26 | 21.9 | 23.8 | 22.4 | 25.2 | 22.9 | 24.6 | 1.0 | 0.10 |
| Period 2; day 54 | ||||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | 78.3 | 82.0 | 77.9 | 77.6 | 80.2 | 74.3 | 2.7 | 0.38 |
| NEFA, mEq/liter | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.77 |
| BHB, µmol/liter | 262.3 | 300.1 | 294.0 | 370.0 | 266.2 | 247.8 | 43.0 | 0.38 |
| SUN, mg/dL | 15.8 | 19.4 | 16.5 | 20.3 | 17.5 | 17.0 | 1.4 | 0.15 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.64 | 0.58 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.61 | 0.04 | 0.32 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14* | 0.006 | 0.04 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 0.05 | 0.31 |
| Globulin, g/dL | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 0.70 |
| A:G | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.05 | 0.54 |
| TP g/dL | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 0.1 | 0.58 |
| ALT, U/liter | 15.4 | 17.0 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 14.7 | 0.8 | 0.29 |
| AST, U/liter | 55.2 | 58.1 | 55.0 | 62.6 | 55.7 | 57.1 | 3.5 | 0.56 |
| GGT, U/liter | 41.4 | 41.7 | 39.4 | 43.6 | 43.6 | 38.8 | 2.4 | 0.51 |
| CPK, U/liter | 91.1 | 117.6 | 100.0 | 117.7 | 101.7 | 117.9 | 11.5 | 0.31 |
| Ca, mg/dL | 10.1 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 0.1 | 0.19 |
| P, mg/dL | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 0.4 | 0.14 |
| Mg, mEq/liter | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.21 |
| Cl, mEq/liter | 111.5 | 113.2 | 112.8 | 113.4 | 112.9 | 113.8 | 0.9 | 0.60 |
| Na, mEq/liter | 151.6 | 153.4 | 153.0 | 153.7 | 152.3 | 152.9 | 1.0 | 0.45 |
| K, mEq/liter | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 0.45 |
| Na:K ratio | 24.7 | 23.4 | 25.4 | 24.1 | 24.3 | 23.2 | 0.9 | 0.44 |
During Period 1 (days 0 to 26), goats were fed a 70% concentrate ration. Goats were transitioned over 5 d into Period 2 (days 27 to 64) and onto an 86% concentrate ration. Treatments were only compared with cottonseed hulls (CSH), not to each other. Within row, means with a different superscript than the control diet (CSH) differ: †0.05 > P < 0.10; *P < 0.05.
1Day 0 was not included in the analysis and is shown only as a reference; SUN = Serum urea N; ALT = Alanine aminotransferase; AST = Aspartate aminotransferase; GGT = γ-glutamyl transferase; A:G = albumin:globulin ratio; CPK = Creatine phophokinase; BHB = β-hydroxy butyrate; TP = Total protein.
2Treatment diets were mixed and nonpelleted; ingredient composition differed only by roughage source; either cottonseed hulls (CSH) or ground woody products (RED = Juniperus pinchotii, BLUE = Juniperus ashei, ONE = Juniperus monosperma, ERC = Juniperus virginiana, or MESQ = Prosopis glandulosa). Juniperus spp. (entire above-ground biomass) and P. glandulosa (entire above-ground biomass except for leaves) species were chipped, dried, and hammermilled to pass a 4.76-mm sieve.
3SEM = greatest SEM.