Table 1. . Studies of yttrium-90 (TheraSphere®) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
| Author (year) | n | Entry criteria | Response rate (%) | Median TTP | Median OS (months) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHO | EASL | |||||
| Yttrium-90 for the treatment of intermediate-advanced HCC | ||||||
| Mazzaferro et al. (2013) | 52 | Cirrhosis with preserved liver function HCC, intermediate-advanced | 40.4 | 40.4 | 11 | 15 |
| Hilgard et al. (2010) | 108 | Nonresectable HCC BCLC C stage | 42 | 10 | 16.4 | |
| Lambert et al. (2011) | 20 | Unresectable HCC | 12.3 | |||
| Pracht et al. (2012) | 18 | Lobar HCC and ipsilateral PVT | Disease control rate: 83.3% | Not reached | ||
| Lewandowski et al. (2009) | 50 | Unresectable HCC or metastatic cancer | 51 | 69 | ||
| Riaz et al. (2011) | 84 | Unresectable HCC tumors angiographically isolatable | 59 | 81 | 13.6 | 26.9 |
| Salem et al. (2013) | 273 | Diagnosis of HCC by biopsy or imaging ECOG 0–2, bilirubin <3.0 mg/dl | 42 | 57 | 10.8/8.4† | 17.2/7.7† |
| Yttrium-90 in comparative studies with TACE for the treatment of intermediate to advanced HCC | ||||||
| Carr et al. (2010) | 99 | HCC, not eligible for resection, RFA, LTX | Disease control rate: 76% | 11.5 | ||
| Salem et al. (2011) | 123 | Unresectable HCC | 49 | 13.3 | 20.5 | |
| Memon et al. (2013) | 42 | Patients previously treated with TACE or yttrium-90 | 13.3 | |||
| Salem et al. (2013) | 29 | ECOG 0–2, treatment naïve | ||||
| Yttrium-90, radiation lobectomy | ||||||
| Edeline et al. (2013) | 34 | HCC and underlying cirrhosis | 63, mRECIST, 26, RECIST | 21.7 | 13.5 | |
| Gaba et al. (2009) | 20 | Unresectable HCC, ECOG ≤3 | 55, WHO 70, RECIST | 36.6, censored to transplant or resection | ||
| Vouche et al. (2013) | 83 | Right unilobar HCC, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer | 34.4, BCLC B 9.6, BCLC C | |||
| Yttrium-90, downstaging | ||||||
| Lewandowski et al. (2009) | 43 | Unresectable HCC without PVT or extrahepatic metastases | 33.3 | 35.7, censored 41.6, uncensored | ||
†Overall Child–Pugh A and Child–Pugh B, respectively.
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; EASL: European Association for the Study of the Liver; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; LTX: Liver transplantation; OS: Overall survival; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; RECIST: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TTP: Time to progression.