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| Biomarker | Phase I | Phase II | Phase III | Phase IV | Phase V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFP | X | ||||
| Osteopontin | X | ||||
| Midkine | X | ||||
| GALAD score | X | ||||
| AFP-L3 | X | ||||
| Dickkopf-1 | X | ||||
| DCP | X | ||||
| GPC3 | X | ||||
| α-1-Fucosidase | X | ||||
| Golgi protein-73 | X | ||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma antigen | X | ||||
| miRNA | X | X | |||
| Metabolomics | X | ||||
| Proteomics | X | X | |||
| Cell-free DNA | X | ||||
AFP: α-Fetoprotein; DCP: Des-carboxyprothrombin; GPC3: Glypican-3.
