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. 2018 Apr 26;96(7):2753–2762. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky158

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Figure 4. — Effect of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on lipolysis and relative expressions of lipolytic-related genes in porcine adipocytes. Porcine adipocytes were treated with 100 µg/mL GSPE for 12 h, and lipolysis assay, real-time quantitative PCR, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity test were performed. Lipid contents quantified by Oil Red-O method (A). Triglyceride (TG) contents measured by a TG assay kit (B). Amount of glycerol released in culture medium (C). Amount of FFA released in culture medium (D). Changes in GPDH activity with GSPE treatment (E). Relative mRNA expressions of lipolytic-related genes including hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (F). These data were compared with the control cells (0 µg/mL GSPE). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.