Table 1. . Safety, morbidity and mortality of major and minor hepatectomy for breast cancer liver metastases.

Study	Number of patients	Median age (years)	Period	Type of resection	Postoperative morbidity	Management of postoperative complications	Postoperative mortality	Ref.
Raab et al.	34	47	1983–1996	–	–	–	3%	[28]
Selzner et al.	17	48†	1987–1999	wr+segmentectomy – 10	NR	NR	ARDS syndrome following BCNU chemo	[6]
				Hemihepatectomy – 5
Yashimoto et al.	25	51.3	1985–1998	RH-4	NR	NR	0	[7]
				LH – 3
				Extended LH– 4
				Left segmentectomy – 1
				SR– 13
Pocard et al.	52	47.07‡	1988–1997	RH – 15	11.5% (6 patients)	one surgical reintervention for hemorrhagic syndrome	0	[15]
				LH – 5	Four pleural effusions
				Extended LH – 4	one ascites
				SR – 18	one postoperative hemorrhagic syndrome
				WR – 7
Maksan et al.	9	44	1984–1998	RH -1	No major complication		0	[26]
				LH –1
				Segmental resection -7
Elias et al.	54	49 years ± 5.2	1986–2001	RH – 20	12.9% BL	Conservative management	0	[19]
				Extended RH – 7	hematoma
				LH – 3
				Extended LH – 2
				SR – 12
				WR– 12
				Two patients underwent repeat hepatectomy
Ercolani et al.	21 (out of 142 patients with NCNNM)	54.6 ± 11.4	1990–2003	83 curative resections for the lot of 142 patients	17 patients (20,5%)	2 patients/83 – relaparotomy for hemoperitoneum	0	[14]
				MH >3 segments 41%
				WR – 13.3%
				SR – 45.8%
Vlastos et al.	31 patients	46	1991–2002	MH >3 segments – 14 patients	NR	NR	0	[20]
				MiH – 17 pts
Adam et al.	85 patients single center	47	1984–2004	MH >3 segments – 54 patients (64%)	22% (19 pts)	Percutaneous drainage for 10 patients infected intraabdominal collections	0	[4]
				MiH – 41 patients (36%)	– BL 7%	Urgent reoperation for postoperative hemorrhage
					Intra-abdominal infected fluid collections 2 patients (2%)
					Noninfected perihepatic collections 11 pts (13%)
					Postoperative hemorrhage 1 patient transient hepatic insufficiency – 1 pt
					20 patients (24% general complications)
Adam et al.	460 patients/1452 (32%)	53 range 10–87	1983–2004	MH (>2 segments)-55% – for the whole lot	Local morbidity – 14%		Perioperative mortality (during the 2 months period following hepatectomy – 2.3%	[9]
					General morbidity – 15%
Sakamoto et al.	34	51	1985–2003	Hemihepatectomies -15 patients	NR	NR	0	[24]
				Segmentectomies– 4 patients
				NA – 15
Lubrano et al.	16	54	1989–2004	MH 9 (>3 seg)	6/16	NR	0	[23]
				MiH (<3 seg) – 7	BL-1
					Subphrenic abscess -2
					Urinary tract infection – 3
Thelen et al.	39	NR	1988–2006	MH 20 patients (51%)	13% (5 patients) biliomas most frequently	NR	0	[25]
				MiH19 patients (49%)
Bockhorn et al.	26	55.2	1998–2007	RH – 6 patients	30%	2 patients (8%) required reoperation	8% (2 patients) within 30 days PO
				LH– 1 patient	four pleural effusion
				Left trisegmentectomy – 4	one WI
				Left lateral resection – 4	one deep venous thrombosis
				Sectorectomy – 11	one subphrenic abscess
Caralt et al.	12	58.4	1988–2006	MH (>3 segments) 6 (50%)	2 patients (16.6%) – BL	Hepatico-jejunostomy for the bile duct stenosis at 7 months after LR	0	[16]
					Bile duct stenosis
Belda et al.	12 patients resected/21	48	1998–2008	58.3% MH	0	–	0	[29]
Hofmann et al.	41 resected/50	NR	1999–2008	54% MH	21%:	– percutaneous drainage for BL	0	[10]
					– noninfected perihepatic fluid collection – 1
					– wound complication -2
					– BL -3
					– transient liver insufficiency
Van Walsum multicenter study	32	50	1991–2011	13 patients/32 MH	Intraoperative complications:	– one ileus	0	[12]
					-two iatrogenic lesions of the spleen – splenectomy	– one pneumonia
					– one patient – iatrogenic lesion of the left duct – stenting	– two patients – pleural effusion
						– one patient – abdominal abscess
						– one patient – stenosis of the bile duct – ERC drainage
						-1 patient – BLERC drainage
Abbott et al.	86	50% > 50†	1997–2010	MH (>3 segments) in 62% of patients	NR	–	0	[27]
Dittmar et al.	34/50	53	1997–2010	MH 23/34 patients	12 patients (24%)	NR	0	[22]
					BL-3
					pleural effusion-6 PH-1
					wound dehiscence-2
Kostov et al.	42	58.2	2001–2007	RH – 54.8%	15 patients (35.9%)	– laparotomy for intra-abdominal bleeding – one patient	one patient died within a month -MSOF	[11]
				Extended	inal bleeding -1	– biliary stenting and percutaneous drainage for BL 1 pt	– 60– and 90-day mortality were two patients (4.8%) each
				RH – 2.4%	– BL – 1	– drainage for WI – two patients
				Extended LH – 2.4	– WI-2	– percutaneous drainage for intra-abdominal collection – two patients
				Lateral hepatectomy – 9.5%	– intra-abdominal collections – two patients	– renal dyalsis for renal failure – two patients
				The rest of the patients underwent multiple segmentectomies	– hepatic insufficiency – two patients
					– renal failure – two patients
					– pulmonary infection – five patients
Ehrl et al.	30	52‡	2002–2011	MH 37.9%	four patients (13.3%)	NR	one patient (3.3%)	[12]
				MiH 62.1%	-PH – two patients		– pulmonary embolism
					– WI – one patient
					– urinary tract infection – one patient
Bacalbasa et al.	43 resected/52	52	2002–2013	MiH 67%	-BL – three patients	Conservative	0	[30]
				MH 33%	– intra-abdominal abscess – two patients,
					-urinary tract infection – one patient
					WI – one patient

^†At the time of breast surgery.

^‡At the time of primary breast diagnosis.

Major hepatectomies (>3 segments).

ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BCNU: Carmustine; BL: Bile leaks; LH: Left hepatectomy; MiH: Minor hepatectomies; PH: Postoperative haemorrhage; PO: Postoperatively; RH: Right hepatectomy; SR: Segmental resection; WI: Wound infections; WR: Wedge resection.