Table 6.

Unadjusted means and SD for age and temperament traits by time of record¹

	Age (d)		PS		EV		TS
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Weaning − 28 d	183.32	25.26	2.98	1.06	2.74	1.09	2.86	0.94
Weaning	217.38	29.34	2.84	1.00	2.69	1.04	2.77	0.88
Weaning + 28 d	243.76	26.78	2.81	0.98	2.66	1.06	2.74	0.89
Weaning + 56 d	267.36	26.24	2.73	0.99	2.62	1.13	2.65	0.91
Yearling	387.52	31.13	2.80	1.01	2.32	1.17	2.51	0.95
Grand total	239.56	63.52	2.84	1.01	2.64	1.09	2.74	0.91

¹PS = pen score, a subjective measure of temperament, in which reactions of an individual calf to a constant experienced evaluator within a pen of three to five calves are scored on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = calm, 5 = excitable). EV = exit velocity, an objective measure of temperament, defined as the rate (m/s) in which a calf travels 1.83 m upon immediately exiting a squeeze chute. TS = temperament score, numerical average of pen score and exit velocity.