Fig 4. Summary diagram of the key biological changes detected during epileptogenesis.

At 6h multiple neuroexcitation-induced immediate and early response genes are significantly changed. At 12h specific ion conduction, neurotransmission, astrocyte/microglial activation, inflammation and apoptosis related mechanisms are significantly altered. Importantly, at 24h, the silent phase of epileptogenesis, Nox2 (Cybb) and Vim are predicted to act as upstream regulators of key biological processes ultimately leading to activated glia, NOX-mediated ROS, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The presence or absence of KA-induced epileptiform activity is denoted with orange and white color, respectively. The spontaneous epileptiform activity is marked with blue color.