Table 2. Table represents the serum concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines and insulin hormone in the following 4 groups: 1) subjects with none of the cardiometabolic risk factors (N4RF_NO; n = 20), 2) subjects with only central obesity without the other 4 MetS cardiometabolic risk factors (N4RF_O; n = 35), 3) subjects without central obesity but with the other 4 MetS cardiometabolic risk factors (4RF_NO; n = 9), and 4) subjects with all five MetS cardiometabolic risk factors (4RF_O; n = 19).
The five MetS cardiometabolic risk factors include central obesity, high fasting blood glucose, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and high systolic and diastolic BP. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [X1 (lower bound), X3 (upper bound)]. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05.
| Concentration (mean ± SD), 95% CI [X1, X3] | Group comparisons | Crude P value |
Adjusted P value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | |||||
| Group name (sample size) |
N4RF_NO (n = 20) |
N4RF_O (n = 35) |
4RF_NO (n = 9) |
4RF_O (n = 19) |
||||
|
Proinflammatory adipokines |
TNF-α (pg/ml) |
123.3 ± 81.6, [88.4, 158.2] |
96.8 ± 162.0, [35.8, 157.9] |
138.1 ± 34.6, [116.8, 159.4] |
215.3 ± 127.8, [168.8, 261.8] |
1–4 | 0.008 | 0.048 |
| 2–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
|
Leptin (ng/ml) |
7.9 ± 9.2, [4.0, 11.9] |
10.0 ± 5.2, [8.0, 12.0] |
6.8 ± 3.9, [4.9, 9.3] |
16.0 ± 10.3, [12.3, 19.8] |
1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 3–4 | 0.004 | 0.023 | ||||||
|
Chemerin (ng/ml) |
69.9 ± 11.9, [64.7, 74.9] |
82.0 ± 17.5, [75.5, 88.7] |
101.2 ± 23.7, [86.6, 115.8] |
112.3 ± 35.6, [99.4, 125.3] |
1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 1–3 | 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||
| 2–4 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
|
IL-8 (pg/ml) |
69.2 ± 81.7, [34.3, 104.1] |
79.2 ± 236.1, [-9.8, 168.2] |
212.7 ± 74.5, [166.9, 258.6] |
118.3 ± 88.3, [86.2, 150.4] |
1–3 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
| 2–4 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| 2–3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
|
IL-6 (pg/ml) |
6.5 ± 4.6, [4.5, 8.4] |
17.1 ± 26.2, [7.2, 26.9] |
10.0 ± 4.0, [7.5, 12.5] |
14.9 ± 9.7, [11.3, 18.4] |
1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 2–4 | 0.002 | 0.009 | ||||||
|
PAI-1 (pg/ml) |
1201.0 ± 1427.5, [591.2, 1810.7] |
1613.1 ± 821.3, [1303.5, 1922.6] |
1213 ± 896.7, [661.0, 1765.6] |
2010.7 ± 1192.5, [1576.9, 2444.5] |
1–4 | <0.001 | 0.001 | |
|
Visfatin (pg/ml) |
772.3 ± 623.8, [505.8, 1038.7] |
1129.8 ± 803.7, [826.8, 1432.7] |
1384.4 ± 1241.8, [619.5, 2149.3] |
1873.0 ± 1163.3, [1449.9, 2296.2] |
1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| 2–4 | 0.004 | 0.025 | ||||||
|
Resistin (ng/ml) |
8.0 ± 2.4, [6.9, 9.0] |
8.6 ± 3.2, [7.4, 9.8] |
8.4 ± 2.8, [6.6, 10.2] |
10.7 ± 5.4, [8.8, 12.7] |
No significant difference | |||
|
CCL2 (pg/ml) |
225.6 ± 60.9, [199.6, 251.6] |
224.5 ± 90.5, [190.4, 258.7] |
243.6 ± 48.8, [213.5, 273.6] |
226.4 ± 55.5, [206.2, 246.6] |
No significant difference | |||
|
Anti-inflammatory adipokines |
Adiponectin (μg/ml) |
12.3 ± 3.5, [10.8, 13.7] |
9.5 ± 4.1, [7.9, 11.0] |
5.2 ± 1.1, [4.5, 5.9] |
6.1 ± 2.5, [5.2, 7.0] |
1–3 | <0.001 | <0.00 |
| 1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 2–4 | 0.001 | 0.006 | ||||||
| 3–2 | 0.001 | 0.005 | ||||||
|
IL-10 (pg/ml) |
39.0 ± 20.9, [30.1, 47.9] |
32.3 ± 12.9, [27.4, 37.2] |
53.8 ± 70.2, [10.5, 97.0] |
67.4 ± 69.1, [42.3, 92.5] |
No significant difference | |||
| Hormone |
Insulin (pg/ml) |
235.8 ± 77.5, [202.7, 268.9] |
305.8 ± 94.1, [270.3, 341.3] |
300.3 ± 57.4, [264.9, 335.7] |
387.2 ± 117.1, [344.6, 4429.8] |
1–4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 1–2 | 0.005 | 0.031 | ||||||