Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in the review, measuring the association between passive exposure to tobacco use and the presence of caries in children and adolescents.

Study	Type	n	Age(yr)	Exposure	Dentition	Outcome	Association
Aida et al., 2008[14]	CS	3086	3	Postnatal	Primary	OR = 2.14 (1.59–2.87)	Yes
Aligne et al., 2003[15]	CS	3531	4 to 11	Postnatal	Primary	a: OR = 1.8 (1.2–2.7); ds	Yes
					Permanent	b: OR = 1.2 (0.8–1.85); DS	No
Almerich et al., 2013[16]	CS	889	12	Postnatal	Permanent	a: OR = 1.2 (0.82–1.75)	No
			15		Permanent	b: OR = 1.24 (0.84–1.83)
Avçar et al., 2008[35]	CC	90	5	Postnatal	Primary	Cases: dft = 10.58±2.12	Yes
		90				Controls: dft = 4.64±2.91
Ayo-Yusuf et al., 2007[17]	CS	1873	13 to 15	Postnatal	Permanent	Caries in 2nd molars	Yes
						OR = 2.02 (1.22–3.33)
Bakhurji et al., 2017 [33]	CS	294	12–15	Postnatal	Permanent	OR = 1.37 (0.46–4.08)	No
Bernabé et al., 2017[36]	L	1102	1–4	Postnatal	Primary	Data 4 years; Exposed dmfs = 5.18±9	Yes
						Non-exposed dmfs = 2.78 ±6.51
Carbajosa et al., 2011[18]	CS	380	10 to 15	Postnatal	Permanent	Exposed DMFT = 1.62±2.2; df = 0.27±0.78	Yes
						Non-exposed DMFT = 0.92±1.40; df = 0.10±0.47
Claudia et al., 2016 [41]	L	1687	0.5–6	Prenatal	Primary	RR = 1.42 (1.20–1.68)	Yes
Ditmyer et al. 2010[19]	CS	4169	12 to 19	Postnatal	Permanent	Highest DMFT group	Yes
						OR = 1.42 (1.03–1.53)
						Exposed DMFT = 7.23±0.06
						Non-exposed DMFT = 6.74±0.10
Hanioka et al., 2008[20]	CS	711	3	Postnatal	Primary	OR = 2.25 (1.51–3.37)	Yes
						Exposed dt = 2.1 (1.7–2.5)
						Non-exposed dt = 1.2 (0.8–1.6)
Iida et al., 2007[21]	CS	1576	2 to 5	Prenatal	Primary	OR: 1.68 (1.01–2.79)	Yes
Julihn et al., 2009[37]	L	15538	13 to 19	Postnatal	Permanent	Interproximal caries	Yes
						OR = 1.33 (1.22–1.44)
Leroy et al., 2008[22]	CS	2533	3	Postnatal	Primary	a: OR = 1.98 (0.68–5.76)	Yes
			5	Postnatal	Primary	b: OR = 3.36 (1.49–7.58)
Majorana et al., 2014[23]	CS	2395	2–3	Postnatal	Primary	Severe caries	Yes
						OR = 1.62 (1.34–1.96)
Nakayama et al., 2015[24]	CS	1801	3	Postnatal	Primary	OR = 1.91 (1.43–2.54)	Yes
						Exposed dfs = 1.27±2.98
						Non-exposed dfs = 0.53±1.69
Nayani et al., 2018 [34]	CS	500	5–14	Postnatal	Permanent	Prevalence ratio <30min = 1.25 (1.07–1.45)	Yes
						Prevalence ratio >30min = 1.34 (1.05–1.35)
Pita-Fernández et al., 2011[25]	CS	281	6 to 10	Postnatal	Primary	a: OR = 1.12 (0.55–2.28)	No
				Postnatal	Permanent	b: OR = 1.47 (0.62–3.47)
Plonka et al., 2012[38]	L	1017	2–3	Postnatal	Primary	Predictive variable in a logistic model	Yes
Shenkin et al., 2004[39]	L	637	4 to 7	Postnatal	Primary	OR = 3.38 (1.68–6.79)	Yes
Shulman et al. 2005[26]	CS	7779	2 to 6	Postnatal	Primary	Exposed dft = 3.19 (1.03)	No
						Non-exposed dft = 2.10 (0.17)
Tanaka et al., 2006[27]	CS	925	1 to 14	Postnatal	Primary	OR = 1.26 (0.93–1.69)	No
Tanaka et al., 2009[28]	CS	2015	3	Prenatal	Primary	a: OR = 1.43 (1.07–1.91)	Yes
				Postnatal		b: OR = 1.25 (1.04–1.50)
Tanaka et al., 2010[29]	CS	20703	6 to 15	Postnatal	Permanent	OR = 1.29 (1.24–1.34)	Yes
Tanaka K et al., 2015[30]	CS	6412	3	Prenatal	Primary	a: OR = 1.70 (1.15–2.48)	Yes
				Postnatal	Primary	b: OR = 1.23 (1.05–1.45)
Tanaka S et al., 2015[40]	RC	76920	3	Prenatal	Primary	a: HR = 1.46 (1.40–1.52)	Yes
				Postnatal	Primary	b: HR = 2.14 (1.99–2.29)
Wiener et al., 2013[31]	CS	91642	1–15	Postnatal	Permanent	Special health care needs children	Yes
						OR = 1.23 (1.02–1.50)
Williams et al., 2000[32]	CS	749	3 to 15	Postnatal	Primary	OR: 1.54 (1.07–2.21)	Yes

RC: retrospective cohorts; CS: cross-sectional; CC: case controls; L: longitudinal; OR: odds ratio; HR: hazard ratio; DMFT: permanent teeth decayed, missing and filled; DS: permanent tooth surfaces decayed; ds: primary tooth surfaces decayed; dft: primary teeth decayed and filled; dfs: primary tooth surfaces decayed and filled.