Fig 3. Redundancy and synergy revealed by PID for attention-modulated speech processing (“AV congruent” condition).

Redundant and synergistic information of matching audiovisual speech signals in the brain compared to nonmatching signals are shown. Each map (matching or nonmatching in each information map) was firstly yielded to regression analysis using speech comprehension and then transformed to standard Z maps and subtracted. (A) Redundant information is localized in left auditory and superior and middle temporal cortices. (B) Synergistic information is found in left motor and bilateral visual areas (Z-difference map at P < 0.005). The underlying data for this figure are available from the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hpcj8/). PID, partial information decomposition.