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. 2018 Aug 17;67(32):882–887. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3

TABLE 1. Weighted unadjusted prevalence estimates of disability among adults, by type of disability* and selected characteristics — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016.

Characteristic No. of respondents†,§ Type of disability
Hearing
 Vision
 Cognition
 Mobility
 Self-care
 Independent living
 Any
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
Total (18–44 yrs)
121,674
2.0 (1.8–2.1)
2.7 (2.5–2.9)
10.6 (10.3–10.9)
4.8 (4.6–5.0)
1.7 (1.5–1.8)
4.5 (4.3–4.7)
16.6 (16.2–16.9)
Sex
Men
 58,295
 2.4 (2.2–2.6)
 2.4 (2.2–2.6)
 9.5 (9.0–9.9)
 4.0 (3.8–4.3)
 1.6 (1.4–1.8)
 3.5 (3.3–3.8)
 15.2 (14.7–15.7)
Women
 63,356
 1.6 (1.4–1.7)
 3.0 (2.8–3.3)
 11.7 (11.3–12.2)
 5.6 (5.3–5.9)
 1.7 (1.6–1.9)
 5.5 (5.2–5.8)
 17.9 (17.4–18.5)
Race/Ethnicity**
White
 80,322
 2.0 (1.9–2.2)
 2.2 (2.0–2.4)
 10.9 (10.5–11.2)
 4.5 (4.3–4.8)
 1.6 (1.4–1.7)
 4.8 (4.5–5.0)
 16.3 (16.2–16.9)
Black
 11,837
 1.4 (1.2–1.7)
 3.6 (3.1–4.2)
 11.1 (10.2–12.0)
 6.6 (6.0–7.4)
 2.1 (1.7–2.6)
 4.7 (4.1–5.5)
 18.1 (17.0–19.3)
Hispanic
 16,297
 2.1 (1.8–2.5)
 3.7 (3.3–4.3)
 10.3 (9.5–11.1)
 5.0 (4.5–5.5)
 1.6 (1.4–1.9)
 4.0 (3.5–4.5)
 17.6 (16.6–18.5)
AI/AN
 2,255
 3.5 (2.4–5.0)
 3.8 (2.8–5.2)
 18.8 (15.9–22.1)
 8.6 (6.8–10.9)
 2.3 (1.5–3.7)††
 8.4 (6.6–10.8)
 27.7 (24.4–31.2)
Asian
 4,754
 0.8 (0.5–1.3)††
 1.3 (0.9–1.8)
 4.5 (3.7–5.6)
 1.1 (0.7–1.6)
 N/A§§
 1.1 (0.8–1.6)
 7.2 (6.2–8.4)
Other race/Multiracial
 4,508
 3.7 (2.8–4.9)
 3.4 (2.7–4.3)
 16.0 (14.1–18.1)
 7.5 (6.3–9.1)
 3.0 (2.2–4.1)
 8.4 (6.9–10.1)
 24.9 (22.7–27.3)
Federal poverty level (FPL) ¶¶
<100% of FPL (poor)
 18,824
 3.3 (2.9–3.7)
 5.3 (4.8–5.8)
 18.2 (17.3–19.1)
 10.4 (9.7–11.1)
 3.5 (3.1–3.9)
 9.4 (8.7–10.1)
 27.8 (26.7–28.9)
≥100%–<200% of FPL (near poor)
 24,116
 2.1 (1.8–2.3)
 3.2 (2.8–3.6)
 12.8 (12.1–13.6)
 5.7 (5.2–6.2)
 2.0 (1.7–2.3)
 5.8 (5.3–6.3)
 20.1 (19.2–21.0)
≥200% of FPL (not poor)
 59,273
 1.3 (1.2–1.4)
 1.3 (1.1–1.5)
 5.5 (5.2–5.9)
 2.0 (1.9–2.3)
 0.7 (0.6–0.8)
 1.7 (1.5–1.9)
 9.3 (8.9–9.7)
Unknown
 19,461
 2.3 (2.0–2.7)
 3.2 (2.8–3.7)
 13.4 (12.6–14.2)
 5.4 (4.9–5.9)
 2.0 (1.7–2.3)
 5.5 (5.0–6.0)
 19.9 (19.0–20.9)
U.S. Census region
Northeast
 23,348
 1.4 (1.2–1.7)
 2.4 (2.1–2.7)
 9.5 (8.9–10.2)
 4.2 (3.8–4.6)
 1.5 (1.3–1.8)
 4.4 (3.9–4.8)
 15.3 (14.5–16.1)
Midwest
 29,963
 2.0 (1.7–2.2)
 2.1 (1.9–2.4)
 10.9 (10.3–11.5)
 4.9 (4.5–5.3)
 1.8 (1.5–2.0)
 4.6 (4.2–5.0)
 16.4 (15.7–17.1)
South
 39,745
 2.2 (2.0–2.5)
 3.4 (3.1–3.8)
 11.5 (11.0–12.1)
 5.6 (5.3–6.0)
 1.8 (1.6–2.0)
 4.8 (4.5–5.2)
 18.1 (17.5–18.8)
West
 28,618
 1.9 (1.7–2.2)
 2.3 (2.1–2.7)
 9.5 (8.9–10.1)
 3.9 (3.5–4.3)
 1.4 (1.2–1.7)
 4.1 (3.7–4.5)
 15.2 (14.5–15.9)
Total (45–64 yrs)
174,413
5.9 (5.6–6.1)
6.1 (5.9–6.4)
11.9 (11.6–12.2)
18.1 (17.7–18.5)
5.5 (5.3–5.7)
8.2 (7.9–8.5)
28.6 (28.2–29.1)
Sex
Men
 76,489
 7.6 (7.3–8.0)
 5.8 (5.4–6.2)
 10.2 (9.8–10.6)
 16.1 (15.5–16.6)
 5.5 (5.2–5.9)
 6.9 (6.6–7.4)
 27.1 (26.5–27.7)
Women
 97,910
 4.2 (3.9–4.4)
 6.4 (6.1–6.8)
 13.5 (13.0–13.9)
 20.1 (19.5–20.6)
 5.4 (5.2–5.8)
 9.4 (9.0–9.8)
 30.1 (29.5–30.7)
Race/Ethnicity**
White
 135,958
 5.9 (5.7–6.2)
 4.6 (4.4–4.8)
 10.8 (10.5–11.1)
 16.2 (15.9–16.6)
 4.7 (4.5–4.9)
 7.4 (7.1–7.6)
 26.2 (25.8–26.7)
Black
 14,851
 5.0 (4.4–5.8)
 9.6 (8.7–10.6)
 14.5 (13.5–15.6)
 25.3 (24.0–26.6)
 7.9 (7.1–8.7)
 10.5 (9.7–11.4)
 35.5 (34.1–37.0)
Hispanic
 10,400
 6.0 (5.1–7.0)
 11.2 (10.0–12.5)
 14.4 (13.2–15.7)
 21.8 (20.4–23.4)
 7.4 (6.5–8.4)
 9.5 (8.6–10.6)
 35.5 (33.7–37.2)
AI/AN
 2,910
 14.3 (11.7–17.2)
 11.5 (9.7–13.6)
 23.9 (20.7–27.3)
 33.3 (29.9–36.9)
 10.3 (8.4–12.7)
 16.6 (14.0–19.5)
 49.2 (45.5–52.8)
Asian
 2,836
 2.9 (1.9–4.4)††
 N/A§§
 6.4 (4.6–8.8)
 7.6 (5.7–10.2)
 N/A§§
 4.4 (2.7–7.1)††
 15.3 (12.5–18.4)
Other race/Multiracial
 4,216
 8.8 (7.2–10.8)
 9.3 (7.5–11.6)
 20.4 (16.6–24.9)
 28.6 (24.7–32.9)
 11.3 (7.9–16.0)
 17.1 (13.4–21.7)
 41.6 (37.6–45.6)
Federal poverty level (FPL) ¶¶
<100% of FPL (poor)
 16,128
 9.0 (8.2–9.8)
 16.4 (15.2–17.6)
 30.0 (28.5–31.5)
 42.3 (40.7–44.0)
 15.7 (14.5–17.0)
 22.8 (21.4–24.2)
 57.9 (56.3–59.6)
≥100%–<200% of FPL (near poor)
 30,911
 8.7 (8.0–9.4)
 9.9 (9.1–10.8)
 18.5 (17.6–19.3)
 29.1 (28.1–30.1)
 9.1 (8.5–9.7)
 13.3 (12.6–14.0)
 44.5 (43.3–45.7)
≥200% of FPL (not poor)
 102,245
 4.1 (3.8–4.3)
 2.4 (2.2–2.6)
 5.4 (5.1–5.7)
 8.9 (8.5–9.3)
 2.1 (1.9–2.3)
 3.2 (3.0–3.5)
 16.6 (16.1–17.1)
Unknown
 25,129
 6.8 (6.3–7.4)
 7.5 (6.8–8.2)
 14.3 (13.4–15.1)
 20.9 (19.9–21.8)
 5.9 (5.4–6.5)
 9.6 (9.0–10.3)
 31.9 (30.8–33.1)
U.S. Census region
Northeast
 37,594
 4.8 (4.4–5.3)
 4.9 (4.5–5.4)
 10.2 (9.6–10.8)
 16.0 (15.2–16.8)
 4.6 (4.2–5.1)
 7.3 (6.8–7.8)
 25.6 (24.7–26.5)
Midwest
 42,247
 5.9 (5.6–6.3)
 5.1 (4.7–5.5)
 10.9 (10.4–11.5)
 16.9 (16.3–17.6)
 5.0 (4.6–5.4)
 7.3 (6.9–7.7)
 27.0 (26.3–27.8)
South
 57,726
 6.7 (6.3–7.2)
 7.6 (7.1–8.1)
 13.7 (13.1–14.3)
 21.5 (20.9–22.2)
 6.6 (6.2–7.1)
 9.6 (9.1–10.1)
 32.7 (31.9–33.5)
West
 36,846
 5.2 (4.7–5.6)
 5.6 (5.1–6.2)
 11.1 (10.4–11.8)
 15.3 (14.5–16.1)
 4.8 (4.3–5.3)
 7.4 (6.8–8.1)
 25.8 (24.9–26.8)
Total (≥65 yrs)
162,724
14.9 (14.5–15.3)
6.6 (6.4–6.9)
9.5 (9.2–9.9)
26.9 (26.5–27.4)
5.5 (5.2–5.8)
9.8 (9.4–10.1)
41.7 (41.1–42.2)
Sex
Men
 64,224
 19.4 (18.7–20.1)
 6.2 (5.8–6.7)
 8.8 (8.3–9.4)
 22.8 (22.1–23.5)
 5.1 (4.7–5.5)
 6.5 (6.1–7.0)
 40.9 (40.0–41.7)
Women
 98,488
 11.3 (10.8–11.7)
 7.0 (6.6–7.3)
 10.1 (9.7–10.6)
 30.3 (29.6–30.9)
 5.8 (5.4–6.2)
 12.3 (11.8–12.8)
 42.3 (41.6–43.0)
Race/Ethnicity**
White
 138,816
 15.5 (15.1–15.9)
 5.9 (5.6–6.2)
 8.4 (8.1–8.7)
 25.5 (25.0–25.9)
 4.6 (4.3–4.8)
 8.8 (8.5–9.1)
 40.2 (39.6–40.7)
Black
 10,022
 10.2 (8.7–11.9)
 8.8 (7.8–10.0)
 12.3 (11.0–13.7)
 33.6 (31.6–35.6)
 8.4 (7.3–9.7)
 13.3 (11.9–14.8)
 46.7 (44.6–48.8)
Hispanic
 4,583
 14.0 (12.1–16.3)
 10.8 (9.2–12.5)
 15.5 (13.4–17.7)
 33.3 (30.7–36.1)
 9.4 (7.8–11.3)
 15.4 (13.4–17.6)
 50.5 (47.7–53.4)
AI/AN
 1,702
 25.3 (21.2–29.9)
 8.9 (6.9–11.5)
 17.0 (13.8–20.7)
 37.5 (33.0–42.2)
 10.0 (7.6–13.1)
 14.9 (12.1–18.2)
 54.9 (50.0–59.8)
Asian
 1,739
 9.6 (5.7–15.7)††
 N/A§§
 9.4 (5.6–15.4)††
 22.5 (16.7–29.6)
 N/A§§
 5.1 (3.0–8.6)††
 34.8 (28.2–42.1)
Other race/Multiracial
 3,073
 17.9 (14.7–21.6)
 8.5 (6.6–11.0)
 14.4 (11.9–17.3)
 34.6 (30.9–38.6)
 8.8 (6.6–11.5)
 12.9 (10.1–16.4)
 49.9 (45.8–54.0)
Federal poverty level (FPL) ¶¶
<100% of FPL (poor)
 7,962
 18.1 (16.2–20.1)
 13.7 (12.1–15.6)
 18.2 (16.5–20.0)
 43.5 (41.1–45.9)
 12.0 (10.6–13.7)
 19.5 (17.8–21.4)
 59.6 (57.1–62.0)
≥100%–<200% of FPL (near poor)
 41,124
 17.4 (16.6–18.3)
 9.3 (8.7–10.0)
 13.2 (12.4–14.0)
 36.4 (35.3–37.5)
 7.8 (7.1–8.5)
 13.7 (12.9–14.5)
 53.1 (52.0–54.1)
≥200% of FPL (not poor)
 79,774
 12.8 (12.2–13.3)
 4.1 (3.7–4.4)
 5.5 (5.1–5.9)
 18.7 (18.0–19.3)
 3.0 (2.7–3.3)
 5.1 (4.8–5.5)
 31.9 (31.1–32.6)
Unknown
 33,864
 15.5 (14.7–16.4)
 6.8 (6.3–7.3)
 11.2 (10.5–12.0)
 28.4 (27.4–29.5)
 6.0 (5.4–6.8)
 12.0 (11.2–12.8)
 43.7 (42.5–44.8)
U.S. Census region
Northeast
 31,466
 12.9 (12.1–13.8)
 5.7 (5.1–6.3)
 8.2 (7.5–9.0)
 26.2 (25.1–27.3)
 5.2 (4.6–5.9)
 9.2 (8.5–10.0)
 39.3 (38.1–40.5)
Midwest
 39,575
 15.0 (14.4–15.6)
 5.9 (5.5–6.4)
 8.2 (7.8–8.7)
 25.2 (24.5–26.0)
 4.7 (4.3–5.1)
 9.0 (8.5–9.5)
 40.3 (39.4–41.1)
South
 56,913
 15.8 (15.1–16.5)
 7.8 (7.3–8.3)
 11.1 (10.6–11.7)
 28.8 (28.0–29.6)
 6.0 (5.5–6.4)
 11.0 (10.4–11.5)
 44.3 (43.4–45.2)
West
 34,770
 14.9 (13.9–15.9)
 6.2 (5.5–7.0)
 9.1 (8.3–10.1)
 26.1 (24.8–27.5)
 5.6 (4.9–6.5)
 8.8 (8.1–9.7)
 40.4 (39.0–41.8)
Total (all age groups) 458,811 5.9 (5.7–6.0) 4.6 (4.5–4.8) 10.8 (10.6–11.0) 13.7 (13.5–13.9) 3.7 (3.6–3.8) 6.8 (6.7–6.9) 25.7 (25.4–25.9)

Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; CI = confidence interval; N/A = not available.

* Respondents were asked “Are you deaf or do you have serious difficulty hearing?” (hearing); “Are you blind or do you have serious difficulty seeing, even when wearing glasses?” (vision); “Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?” (cognition); “Do you have serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs?” (mobility); “Do you have difficulty dressing or bathing?” (self-care); and “Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping?” (independent living). Respondents who declined to answer, reported “don’t know,” and other missing responses were excluded from the analyses.

† Respondents with missing information on disability are not included; all groups might not add to the same respondent total or to the overall total.

§ Unweighted sample size.

Each disability type might not be independent; a respondent might have two or more disability types.

** Persons in all racial groups were non-Hispanic. Persons who self-identified as Hispanic might have been of any race.

†† Relative standard error = 0.20–0.30.

§§ Estimate not available because relative standard error >0.30.

¶¶ Poverty categories are based on the ratio of the respondent’s annual household income to the appropriate simplified 2015 federal poverty threshold (given family size: number of adults (1–14) in the household and number of children (≥0) in the household) defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. This ratio is multiplied by 100 to be expressed as a percentage, and federal poverty thresholds were then used to categorize respondents into four FPL categories: 1) <100% of FPL (poor), 2) ≥100%–<200% of FPL (near poor), 3) ≥200% of FPL (not poor), and 4) unknown.