Table 1.
Logistic regression models of hukou origin intermarriage. Sources: 2003, 2006, and 2008 Chinese General Social Survey, 1990 1 percent census data and 2000 0.95 per thousand census data, and 1989–2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Variable | ORa | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE | OR | SE |
| Constant | 0.24 | 0.03*** | 0.25 | 0.03*** | 1.01 | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.96 |
| Marriage Cohort | ||||||||
| 1958–1964(omitted) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1965–1969 | 1.16 | 0.17 | 1.16 | 0.17 | – | – | – | – |
| 1970–1974 | 0.91 | 0.14 | 0.91 | 0.14 | – | – | – | – |
| 1975–1979 | 1.07 | 0.15 | 1.07 | 0.15 | – | – | – | – |
| 1980–1984 | 0.95 | 0.12 | 0.95 | 0.13 | – | – | – | – |
| 1985–1989 | 0.98 | 0.13 | 0.99 | 0.13 | – | – | – | – |
| 1990–1994b | 1.15 | 0.15 | 1.15 | 0.16 | – | – | – | – |
| 1995–1999 | 1.47 | 0.19** | 1.46 | 0.20** | 1.15 | 0.12 | 1.13 | 0.13 |
| 2000–2008 | 1.71 | 0.22*** | 1.70 | 0.24*** | 1.27 | 0.19 | – | – |
| Husband's Education | ||||||||
| Primary School or Less (omitted) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Junior High School | – | – | 0.92 | 0.09 | 1.45 | 0.29 | 1.44 | 0.34 |
| Senior High School | – | – | 0.96 | 0.10 | 1.78 | 0.37** | 1.47 | 0.37 |
| College or More | – | – | 1.07 | 0.13 | 1.73 | 0.39* | 1.59 | 0.44 |
| Wife's Education | ||||||||
| Primary School or Less (omitted) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Junior High School | – | – | 1.09 | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.15 | 1.11 | 0.19 |
| Senior High School | – | – | 0.98 | 0.09 | 0.90 | 0.15 | 1.01 | 0.19 |
| College or More | – | – | 0.97 | 0.12 | 1.05 | 0.21 | 1.04 | 0.25 |
| GDP Per Capita (Log) | – | – | – | – | 0.78 | 0.07** | 0.66 | 0.09** |
| Urban-Rural Income Gapc | – | – | – | – | 8.04 | 1.71*** | 11.45 | 3.61*** |
| Relative Size of the Rural-to-Urban | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.99 | 0.01 |
| Migrants (in %) | ||||||||
| Absolute Size of the Rural-to-Urban | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.18 | 0.10 |
| Migrants (Log) | ||||||||
| Sex Ratiod | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | 0.001 |
| N | 11954 | 11954 | 4790 | 3156 | ||||
| −2 Log Likelihood | 99.87 | 107.38 | 234.05 | 113.47 | ||||
| Model Chi-square(df) | 60.91 (8) | 66.26 (14) | 129.62 (10) | 86.96 (12) | ||||
Notes:
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01;
***
p < 0.001.
a
OR = odds ratio. SE = standard error.
b
Omitted marriage cohort for Model 3 and Model 4.
c
Urban-Rural Income Gap=|log(median husband’s income by husband’s hukou)-log(median wife’s income by wife’s hukou)|.
d
Sex Ratio = 100*Rural-to-urban migrant malej/Rural-to-urban migrant femalej, where j denotes age group 15–39.