Table 2.
Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants (NEMS-R) Scores and Subscores by Type of Restaurant (N=1083)a
| Mean (SD) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Restaurants (N = 1083)b | Sit-Down Restaurants (N = 435) | Fast-Casual Restaurants (N = 119) | Fast-Food Restaurants (N = 347) | Other Restaurants (N = 167) | F (p)c | Multiple Comparisons (p)d | |
| Total (0-90)e | 32.5 (10.2) | 31.1 (7.8) | 33.9 (8.7) | 35.7 (13.5) | 28.4 (6.0) | 25.8 (<.001) | Sit-down<Fast-casual (.030) |
| Sit-down<FF (<.001) | |||||||
| Fast-casual<Fast-food (.020) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-casual (<.001) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-food (<.001) | |||||||
| Nutrition information (0-12) | 1.5 (2.8) | 0.6 (1.7) | 1.1 (2.0) | 3.4 (3.5) | 0.1 (0.8) | 114.4 (<.001) | Sit-down<Fast-food (<.001) |
| Fast-casual<Fast-food (<.001) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-casual (.003) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-food (<.001) | |||||||
| Signage identifying healthy options (0-18) | 8.5 (2.2) | 8.3 (1.7) | 8.8 (2.3) | 8.6 (2.8) | 8.5 (1.6) | 2.3 (0.08) | Not applicable |
| Healthier snacks/drinks (0-12) | 3.4 (3.3) | 3.5 (2.8) | 4.2 (3.9) | 3.1 (3.9) | 3.2 (2.5) | 4.2 (0.006) | Fast-food <Fast-casual (.006) |
| Other<Fast-casual (.042) | |||||||
| Healthy menu options (0-18) | 6.2 (3.5) | 6.4 (3.1) | 6.2 (3.2) | 6.8 (4.1) | 4.5 (2.6) | 17.2 (<.001) | Other<Sit-down (<.001) |
| Other<Fast-casual (<.001) | |||||||
| Fast-food<Other (<.001) | |||||||
| Facilitators of healthy eating (0-9) | 1.0 (1.7) | 1.0 (2.0) | 1.1 (1.6) | 1.3 (1.8) | 0.3 (0.9) | 12.4 (<.001) | Other<Sit-down (<.001) |
| Other<Fast-casual (.001) | |||||||
| Fast-food<Other (<.001) | |||||||
| Barriers to healthy eating (reversed, 0-9) | 8.1 (1.6) | 7.9 (1.8) | 8.5 (1.20) | 8.1 (1.6) | 8.4 (1.3) | 8.3 (<.001) | Sit-down<Fast-casual (.001) |
| Sit-down<Other (<.001) | |||||||
| Price incentives for unhealthy eating (reversed, 0-12) | 4.0 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.7 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.2) | 37.4 (<.001) | Sit-down<Fast-casual (.001) |
| Sit-down<Fast-food (<.001) | |||||||
| Fast-casual<Fast-food (.038) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-casual (<.001) | |||||||
| Other<Fast-food) (<.001) | |||||||
| Children’s Menu (0-30)f | 10.8 (5.8) | 10.3 (4.8) | 12.3 (5.7) | 11.4 (6.9) | 8.8 (4.7) | 3.8 (.010) | Other<Fast-casual (.030) |
Abbreviations: NEMS-R, Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Restaurants.
Range of scores possible is described within parentheses. Higher scores represent environment more conducive to healthy eating.
”All restaurants” also includes restaurants that could not be classified into a specific type due to missing data. These are not shown in the table.
Based on unadjusted analyses of variance (ANOVA) using type of restaurant as the independent variable and NEMS-R scores as the dependent variables.
Based on post hoc multiple pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method. The symbol < indicates the direction of significant differences in NEMS-R scores found between specific types of restaurants.
NEMS-R Total Score is the sum of other NEMS-R dimensions except the Children’s Menu score.
Only calculated for restaurants with a separate Children’s Menu.