Table 3.
Differences in Restaurant Density by Household-Level Factors: Adjusted Multivariate Linear Regression Analysesa
| B (p) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household-Level Characteristics | All Restaurants | Sit-Down Restaurants | Fast-Casual Restaurants | Fast-Food Restaurants | Other Restaurants |
| Mean Age of Adult Residentsb | |||||
| Middle age (31-60) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Younger adults (21-30) | 15.0 (.001) | 4.6 (.037) | 1.4 (.048) | 5.8 (<.001) | 2.9 (<.001) |
| Older adults (>60) | 10.5 (.015) | 5.0 (.021) | 1.4 (.039) | 2.7 (.043) | 1.0 (.181) |
| Gender Compositionc | |||||
| All males | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| All females | −6.4 (.181) | −3.1 (.198) | −0.6 (.394) | −2.1 (.161) | −0.5 (.570) |
| Both | −2.5 (.609) | −0.3 (.915) | −0.3 (.710) | −1.2 (.432) | −0.6 (.498) |
| Children (<21 years)c,d | |||||
| No | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Yes | 5.3 (.143) | 1.7 (.335) | 0.4 (.538) | 1.0 (.383) | 1.6 (.011) |
| Racial Compositionb | |||||
| All minority | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| All non-Hispanic white | 14.4 (.010) | 6.0 (.034) | 1.6 (.074) | 1.6 (.352) | 4.8 (<.001) |
| Education Compositionb | |||||
| None college degree | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| All college degree | 0.4 (.908) | 1.1 (.551) | 0.1 (.845) | 0.9 (.425) | −1.5 (.025) |
| Some college degree | −1.0 (0.873) | 0.2 (.949) | 0.4 (.684) | −0.6 (.750) | −0.7 (.489) |
| Combined Incomeb | |||||
| Below FPL | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| 100% - 400% FPL | −9.4 (.065) | −4.7 (.070) | −1.2 (.129) | −0.6 (.714) | −2.3 (.013) |
| ⩾ 400% FPL | −8.4 (.135) | −4.3 (.132) | −0.8 (.344) | −0.8 (.637) | −1.9 (.055) |
| Urbanicity | |||||
| Rural | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Urban | 30.7 (<.001) | 13.2 (<.001) | 3.9 (<.001) | 9.6 (<.001) | 3.6 (<.001) |
| Suburban | 7.0 (.163) | 1.8 (.462) | 0.9 (.254) | 2.2 (.170) | 2.0 (.021) |
Abbreviations: REF, Reference category; FPL, federal poverty level.
Restaurant density total number of restaurants located in a neighborhood (defined as the area comprised within a 2- or 5- mile street network buffer surrounding urban and non-urban households, respectively). B coefficients and P values based on linear regression models with number restaurants surrounding households in the sample as dependent variable and household gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and urbanicity as predictors. Separate models were fitted for overall density (total number of restaurants) and number of each type of restaurant (eg, sit-down, fast-casual, etc).
Restricted to adult residents that participated in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW).
Descriptive of all enumerated individuals in the household.
Children were defined as minors under the age of 18, as well as those 18-20 years in the household, yet ineligible for participation in SHOW.