a, ELISA showing the level of PD-L1 on circulating exosomes purified from healthy donors (“HD”, n = 11) and melanoma patients (“MP”, n = 44). The exosomes were purified using differential centrifugation. b, Pearson correlation between the ELISA-detected levels of PD-L1 on circulating exosomes purified by differential centrifugation or using the commercial exosome isolation kit (n = 44). c, Comparison of the number of circulating exosomes between healthy donors (n = 10) and melanoma patients (n = 38). d, Comparison of the protein content of circulating exosomes between healthy donors (n = 10) and melanoma patients (n = 38). e, ELISA of the circulating level of microvesicle PD-L1 in healthy donors (“HD”, n = 11) and melanoma patients (“MP”, n = 44). f, Detailed data associated with the ROC curve analysis depicted in Fig. 2g. Data represent mean ± s.d. Statistical analyses are performed by two-sided unpaired t-test (a, c–e).