Table 1.

Participant characteristics by health literacy status

Characteristics	All participants		Adequate literacy		Inadequate literacy		p value
	N (mean)	% (sd)	N (mean)	% (sd)	N (mean)	% (sd)
Age, years; mean (sd)	46.1	± 11.2	44.9	± 11.1	46.9	± 11.2	0.02
Race
African-American/Black	352	46.9%	137	45%	215	48%	0.14
Hispanic	227	30.2%	94	31%	133	30%
White	134	17.8%	62	20%	72	16%
Other	38	5.1%	10	3%	28	6%
Gender
Male	640	85.2%	253	83%	387	86%	0.27
Female	111	14.8%	50	17%	61	14%
Education
Less than HS	227	30.2%	61	20%	166	37%	< 0.001
Graduate equivalency degree	213	28.4%	80	26%	133	30%
High school graduate	121	16.1%	49	16%	72	16%
Some college/college graduate	184	24.5%	111	37%	73	16%
Unknown	6	0.8%	2	1%	4	1%
Housing
Homeless or shelter	172	22.9%	68	22%	104	23%	0.61
Own place	53	7.1%	26	9%	27	6%
Other residential facility or institution	299	39.8%	124	41%	175	39%
Staying with family/friends	208	27.7%	79	26%	129	29%
Other	18	2.4%	6	2%	12	3%
Unknown	1	0.1%
Three or more prior convictions
No	295	39.3%	136	45%	159	35%	0.01
Yes	440	58.6%	163	54%	277	62%
Unknown	16	2.1%
Arrested before age 16
No	449	59.8%	194	64%	255	57%	0.09
Yes	290	38.6%	107	35%	183	41%
Unknown	12	1.6%
General health		0.0%
Fair to poor	346	46.1%	127	42%	219	49%	0.06
Good to excellent	403	53.7%	175	58%	228	51%
Unknown	2	0.3%
Moderate to severe depression
No	536	71.4%	212	70%	324	72%	0.48
Yes	215	28.6%	91	30%	124	28%
Chronic disease conditions
Diabetes or high blood sugar	133	17.7%	63	21%	70	16%	0.07
HIV/AIDS	48	6.4%	15	5%	33	7%	0.18
Hypertension or high blood pressure	283	37.7%	113	37%	170	38%	0.86
Chronic lung disease	81	10.8%	34	11%	47	10%	0.75
Heart disease	31	4.1%	12	4%	19	4%	0.85
Drug dependence	310	41.3%	116	38%	194	43%	0.17
Alcohol dependence	205	27.3%	93	31%	112	25%	0.09
Comorbid conditions
1 to 2	189	25.2%	84	28%	105	23%	0.04
3 to 4	194	25.8%	74	24%	120	27%
5 to 6	154	20.5%	52	17%	102	23%
7 or more	163	21.7%	64	21%	99	22%
None	51	6.8%	29	10%	22	5%
Source of regular care before incarceration
Doctor’s office	111	14.8%	58	19%	53	12%	0.05
Clinic or health center	226	30.1%	85	28%	141	31%
Emergency room	39	5.2%	14	5%	25	6%
Some other place	10	1.3%	3	1%	7	2%