Table 1.
Characteristics of Patient Sample: 167 Consecutive Non-Hepatic Hyperammonemic Critical Care Patients
| Characteristic | Description | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Gender | Female | 66 (39.5) |
|
| ||
| Age groups, yr | <35 | 14 (8) |
| 35–65 | 67 (40) | |
| >65 | 86 (51) | |
|
| ||
| Body Mass Index groups (kg/m2) | Underweight (<18.5) | 3 (1.9) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 41 (25.3) | |
| Overweight (>25) | 118(72.8) | |
|
| ||
| Associated factors | Metabolic | |
| Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency | 1 (0.6) | |
| Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency | 3 (1.8) | |
| Other urea cycle abnormality | 3 (1.8) | |
| Nutrition/GI | ||
| Gastric bypass surgery | 6 (3.6) | |
| Total parenteral nutrition | 4 (2.4) | |
| Malnutrition | 27 (16.1) | |
| Upper GI bleeding | 8 (4.8) | |
| Lower GI bleeding | 2 (1.2) | |
| Drugs | ||
| Valproic Acid | 17 (10.2) | |
| Carbamazepine | 2 (1.2) | |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 58 (34.7) | |
| Renal failure*** | 82 (49.1) | |
| Generalized seizures | 11 (6.6) | |
| Solid organ transplantation | 4 (2.4) | |
| Aggressive Hematologic Tumors** | 19 (11.3) | |
**
Multiple myeloma, Myelodysplastic syndrome, Recurrent Burkitt’s lymphoma, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma, Acute erythroblastic leukemia, Anaplastic large cell ALK-negative T-cell lymphoma, Relapsed T/NK cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, NK/T cell Lymphoma, T-cell Lymphoma, Acute myeloid leukemia
***
Acute renal failure present in 44 patients (26.3%); chronic renal failure in 22 patients (13.2%); Acute-on-chronic renal failure in 16 patients (9.6%)