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. 2018 Aug 10;9:1831. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01831

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Copyright © 2018 Paul, Tang and Ng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Summary of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)–Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) axis. IRF9 exerts different effect in its interaction with the PPARα–SIRT1 axis. IRF9 interacts with PPARα and activates PPARα target genes to attenuate inflammation, liver steatosis, and ischemic reperfusion (IR) injury. Whereas, IRF9 inhibits the expression of SIRT1 resulting in augmented acetylation of p53 protein. This results in a poor outcome in IR injury. PPARα is also known to regulate SIRT1 gene expression. *Conflicting roles of IRF9 in the PPARα–SIRT1 axis result in different outcome in IR injury (green font indicates better outcome; red font indicates worst outcome).