Table 3.
Studies of the effect of BTK deficiency on cytokine productions in response to pathogen stimulation.
| Cytokine | Effect of BTK-deficiency on cytokine production | Pathogen used | Cell used | BTK-deficiency model | Cytokine detection | Studies | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I IFN | Decreased | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 |
| Dengue virus | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | Semiquantitative PCR | Lee et al. (23) | 2012 | ||
| No effect | H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | |
| MoDCs | XLA patients | ELISA | Liu et al. (4) | 2012 | |||
| Listeria monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | Bioassay | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 | ||
| Type III IFN | Decreased | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 |
| IP-10 | Decreased | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 |
| No effect | OPV | MoDCs | LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | |
| H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | ||
| IL-1β | No effect | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 |
| H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | ||
| TNF-α | Increased | L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 |
| No effect | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | |
| H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | ||
| (Heat killed) L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 | ||
| IL-8 | No effect | OPV | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 |
| H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients/LFM-A13 | Flow cytometry | Current study | 2018 | ||
| IL-6 | Increased | L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 |
| No effect | (Heat killed) L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 | |
| IL-10 | No effect | L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 |
| IL-12 | Increased | L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | Flow cytometry (IL12p40) | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 |
| No effect | L. monocytogenes | BMDM | BTK−/− mice | ELISA (IL12p70) | Köprülü et al. (54) | 2013 | |
| H1N1 | MoDCs | XLA patients | ELISA | Liu et al. (4) | 2012 | ||
LFM-A13 is a BTK inhibitor. IFN, interferon; IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10; IL, interleukin; OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine Sabine 1; MoDCs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells; BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophages; XLA, X-linked agammaglobulinemia; BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase.