Table 1.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the gastrointestinal tract of finfish.
| LAB species isolated | Isolated from | “Segments” of the GI tract | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAB* | Tasmanian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | Fecal content | Neuman et al., 2015 |
| Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) | EI; auto and allo | Ovissipour et al., 2014 | |
| Beluga (Huso huso) | EI; allo | Adel et al., 2017 | |
| Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) | EI; auto | Hoseinifar et al., 2016a | |
| Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | EI; allo | Standen et al., 2016 | |
| Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | EI; content | Boonanuntanasarn et al., 2017 | |
| Carnobacterium | Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 | |
| Rainbow trout | EI; auto | Bruni et al., 2018 | |
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) | Fecal content | Zarkasi et al., 2016 | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; content | Rudi et al., 2018 | |
| Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) | EI; auto | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| Fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) | EI: content | Salas-Leiva et al., 2017 | |
| Northern snakehead (Channa argus) | EI: content | Miao et al., 2018 | |
| C. divergens | Rainbow trout | EI; allo | Bruni et al., 2018 |
| Lactobacillus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | PI; auto and allo | Bahramian and Parsa, 2017 | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017b | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | Fecal content | Zarkasi et al., 2016 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017a | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; allo | Zarkasi et al., 2016 | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | PI and DI; auto | Lavoie et al., 2018 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) | PI; auto and allo DI; auto and allo | Nyman et al., 2017 | |
| Regal peacock (Aulonocara stuartgranti) | EI; allo | Mirzapour-Rezaee et al., 2017 | |
| Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) | EI; content | Zhou M. et al., 2018 | |
| European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) | EI; content | Torrecillas et al., 2017 | |
| Fine flounder | EI: content | Salas-Leiva et al., 2017 | |
| Gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) | EI: content | Wu et al., 2018 | |
| Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) | EI: auto and allo | Gao et al., 2017 | |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | EI: content | Yang et al., 2017 | |
| Lb. aviarius | Tilapia | EI; auto and allo | Standen et al., 2015 |
| Lb. aviaries subsp. arafinosus | White sea bream (Diplodus sargus) | EI; auto and allo | Guerreiro et al., 2018a |
| Lb. brevis | Tilapia | EI; content | Del‘Duca et al., 2015 |
| Lb. crispatus/ Lb. amylovorus | Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) | EI; auto and allo | Serra et al., 2018 |
| Lb. crispatus | White sea bream | EI; auto and allo | Guerreiro et al., 2018a |
| European sea bass | EI; auto and allo | Guerreiro et al., 2018b | |
| Lb. collinoides | Tilapia | EI; content | Del‘Duca et al., 2015 |
| Lb. coryniformis | Tilapia | EI; content | Del‘Duca et al., 2015 |
| Lb. farciminis | Tilapia | EI; content | Del‘Duca et al., 2015 |
| Lb. gallinarum | White sea bream | EI; auto and allo | Guerreiro et al., 2018a |
| Lb. johnsonii | European sea bass | EI; content | Torrecillas et al., 2017 |
| Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei | Rainbow trout | EI; content | Popovic et al., 2017 |
| Lb. reuteri | Rainbow trout | EI; content | Huyben et al., 2018 |
| Lb. sakei | Rainbow trout | DI: auto and allo | Didinen et al., 2018 |
| Lactococcus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017b | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | Fecal content | Zarkasi et al., 2016 | |
| Atlantic salmon | Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; content | Rudi et al., 2018 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| Arctic charr | PI; auto and allo DI; auto and allo | Nyman et al., 2017 | |
| Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) | NI | Tran et al., 2017 | |
| Gibel carp | EI: content | Wu et al., 2018 | |
| Northern snakehead | EI: content | Miao et al., 2018 | |
| Loach | EI: auto and allo | Gao et al., 2017 | |
| Zebrafish | EI: content | Yang et al., 2017 | |
| Zebrafish | EI: content | Zhou L. et al., 2018 | |
| L. garvieae | Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) | EI; auto and allo | do Vale Pereira et al., 2017 |
| Turbot | EI; auto | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| L. lactis | Grass carp | EI; auto and allo | Dong et al., 2017 |
| L. garvieae | Rainbow trout | DI: allo | Didinen et al., 2018 |
| L. lactis subsp. cremoris | Rainbow trout | DI: allo | Didinen et al., 2018 |
| L. lactis subsp. lactis | Pirarucu | EI; auto and allo | do Vale Pereira et al., 2017 |
| L. piscium | European sea bass | EI; content | Torrecillas et al., 2017 |
| L. raffinolactis | Grass carp | EI; auto | Li et al., 2015 |
| Grass carp | EI; auto and allo | Dong et al., 2017 | |
| Leuconostocaceae | Rainbow trout | EI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2018 |
| Leuconostoc | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017b | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| Arctic charr | PI; auto and allo DI; auto and allo | Nyman et al., 2017 | |
| Tilapia | EI; auto and allo | Standen et al., 2015 | |
| Loach | EI: auto and allo | Gao et al., 2017 | |
| Pediococcus | Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 |
| Atlantic salmon | PI and DI; auto | Lavoie et al., 2018 | |
| Turbot | EI; auto | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| P. acidilactici | Rainbow trout | DI: allo | Didinen et al., 2018 |
| Streptococcacceae | Rainbow trout | EI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2018 |
| Atlantic salmon | PI and DI; auto | Lavoie et al., 2018 | |
| Streptococcus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | Fecal content | Zarkasi et al., 2016 | |
| Atlantic salmon | Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017a | |
| Atlantic salmon | Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| European sea bass | EI; content | Torrecillas et al., 2017 | |
| Turbot | EI; auto | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| Fine flounder | EI: content | Salas-Leiva et al., 2017 | |
| Pirarucu | EI; auto and allo | do Vale Pereira et al., 2017 | |
| Northern snakehead | EI: content | Miao et al., 2018 | |
| S. luteciae | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 |
| Arctic charr | PI; auto and allo DI; auto and allo | Nyman et al., 2017 | |
| S. sobrinus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Huyben et al., 2017 |
| Arctic charr | PI; auto and allo DI; auto and allo | Nyman et al., 2017 | |
| Enterococcus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| Turbot | EI; auto | Yang et al., 2018 | |
| Zebrafish | EI: content | Yang et al., 2017 | |
| Zebrafish | EI: content | Zhou L. et al., 2018 | |
| E. faecalis | Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) | EI; allo | Shahid et al., 2017 |
| E. faecium | European sea bass | EI; content | Torrecillas et al., 2017 |
| Tilapia | EI; auto and allo | Standen et al., 2015 | |
| Pirarucu | EI; auto and allo | do Vale Pereira et al., 2017 | |
| Vagococcus | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; content | Rudi et al., 2018 | |
| Fine flounder | EI: content | Salas-Leiva et al., 2017 | |
| Weissella | Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2016 |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017a | |
| Rainbow trout | DI; auto and allo | Lyons et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | Digesta samples | Dehler et al., 2017b | |
| Atlantic salmon | DI; content | Gajardo et al., 2017 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; content | Rudi et al., 2018 | |
| Atlantic salmon | EI; auto and allo | Rimoldi et al., 2018 | |
| Rohu (Labeo rohita) | EI; allo | Shahid et al., 2017 | |
| Tilapia | EI; auto and allo | Standen et al., 2015 | |
| Common snook (Centropomus undecimalis)—larvae | Whole larvae | Tarnecki and Rhody, 2017 | |
| Fine flounder | EI: content | Salas-Leiva et al., 2017 | |
| W. paramesenteroides | Pirarucu | EI; auto and allo | do Vale Pereira et al., 2017 |
| Bifidobacterium | Nile tilapia | EI: content | Boonanuntanasarn et al., 2017 |
*
A no further information was given; EI, entire intestine without pyloric caeca; PI, posterior intestine; DI, distal intestine; auto, autochthonous; allo, allochthonous; NI, no information.