Table 7.
Immunological changes of finfish resulted by live LAB treatment.
| LAB | Fish model (weight) | Administration route and dose | Administration length | Immunological changes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. faecium (strain not mentioned) | Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) (33.4 ± 10 g) | Intraperitoneal injection 109 CFU/fish | 15 days | Alternative complement activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Spleen: IL-1β ↑, Kidney: IL-1β ↑, TNF-α ↑ |
Kim et al., 2012 |
| E. faecium ZJ4 | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (6.834 ± 0.18 g) | Immersion 107 CFU/mL supplemented in aquaria for every 4 days | 40 days | Complement C3 ↑, Myeloperoxidase activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, |
Wang et al., 2008 |
| Lb. acidophilus JCM 1132 | Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × Oreochromis aureus ♂) (0.9 g) | Diet 105, 107, 109 CFU/g feed | 10, 20, 35 days (consecutive) | Spleen: IL-1β ↑, TGF-β ↑,TNF-α ↑ at day 20, TNF-α ↓ at day 35 Kidney: IL-1β ↑ at day 20, IL-1β ↓ at day 35, TGF-β ↑,TGF-β ↓ at day 35 in 105 CFU/g feed, TNF-α ↑ Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ * Increased or decreased gene expressions were varied by dose and sample collection time mark. |
Liu et al., 2013 |
| Lb. brevis JCM 1170 | Nile tilapia (0.9 g) | Diet 105, 107, 109 CFU/g feed | 10, 20, 35 days (consecutive) | Spleen: IL-1β ↑, TGF-β ↑ at day 20, TGF-β ↓ at day 35, TNF-α ↑ at day 20, TNF-α ↓ at day 35 Kidney: IL-1β ↑ at day 20, IL-1β ↓ at day 35, TGF-β ↑ at day 20, TNF-α ↑ at day 35 Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ * Increased or decreased gene expressions were varied by dose and sample collection time mark. |
Liu et al., 2013 |
| Lb. casei PTCC1608 | Shirbot (Barbus grypus) (50 g) | Diet 5 × 107 CFU/g feed | 6 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Mohammadian et al., 2016 |
| Lb. delbrueckii (Angel Company, Wuhan, China) | Huanghe common carp (Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var.) (1.05 ± 0.03 g) | Diet 105, 106, 107, 108 CFU/g feed | 8 weeks | Intestine: IL-1β ↓, IL-8 ↓, TNF-α ↓, NF-κB P65 ↓, IL-10 ↑, TGF-β ↑ IgM concentration ↑, Myeloperoxidase activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Zhang C.-N. et al., 2017 |
| Lb. delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii AS13B | European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)) (not available, 1 day post hatch) | Diet 105 CFU/cm3 via enriched in Brachionus plicatilis or Artemia nauplii | 72 days | Acidophilic granulocytes ↑, T cells ↑, IL-1 β ↓ |
Picchietti et al., 2009 |
| Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (original isolate by authors) | Shirbot (50 g) | Diet 5 × 107 CFU/g feed | 6 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Mohammadian et al., 2016 |
| Lb. plantarum (original isolate by authors) | Shirbot (50 g) | Diet 5 × 107 CFU/g feed | 6 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Serum lysozyme activity (only at day 60) ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Mohammadian et al., 2016 |
| Lb. plantarum CR1T5 | Basa fish (Pangasius bocourti) (82.01 g) | Diet 108 CFU/g feed | 4 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Van Doan et al., 2014 |
| Lb. plantarum CR1T5 | Basa fish (3.57 g) | Diet 108 CFU/g feed | 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks (consecutive) | Alternative complement activity ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection against A. hydrophila ↑ |
Van Doan et al., 2016a |
| Lb. plantarum CR1T5 | Nile tilapia (15.56 ± 0.02 g) | Diet 108 CFU/g feed | 30 and 60 days (consecutive) | Alternative complement activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection against S. agalactiae ↑ |
Van Doan et al., 2016b |
| Lb. plantarum FGL0001 | Olive flounder (37.5 ± 1.26 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed | 4 weeks | NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Skin mucus lysozyme activity ↑, Intestine: IL-6 ↑, IL-8 ↑, TNF-α ↑, Protection from S. iniae ↑ |
Beck et al., 2015 |
| Lb. plantarum FGL0001 | Olive flounder (42.7 ± 1.61 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed | 4 weeks | Intestine: CD4-1 ↑, T-bet ↑, GATA3 ↑, IL-1β ↑, IFN-γ ↑, IL-17A/F ↓, Gut permeability ↓, Protection from E. tarda ↑ |
Beck et al., 2016 |
| Lb. plantarum KCTC3928 | Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) (8.29 ± 00.6 g) | Diet 106, 107, 108 CFU/g feed | 8 weeks | Myeloperoxidase activity (108 CFU/g feed only) ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Superoxide dismutase ↑, Intestine: IgM ↑, Protection from V. anguilarum (108 CFU/g feed only) ↑ |
Lee et al., 2017 |
| Lb. plantarum VSG3 | Rohu (60 g) | Diet 106, 108, 1010 CFU/g feed | 30 and 60 days (consecutive) | Alternative complement activity ↑, IgM concentration at 30th day (108 and 1010 CFU/g feed) ↑ NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection from A. hydrophila ↑ |
Giri et al., 2013 |
| Lb. rhamnosus IMC 501 | Zebrafish (Danio rerio) (adult, weight is not mentioned) | Diet 106 CFU/g feed | 10 days | Liver: IL-1β ↑, TNF-α ↑ |
Gioacchini et al., 2014 |
| Lb. sakei BK19 | Striped beakfish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (32 ± 3 g) | Diet 2.2 × 107 CFU/g feed | 1, 3, 6 weeks (consecutive) | Alternative complement activity ↑, Eosinophils ↑, Monocytes ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Neutrophils ↑, Reactive nitrogen species ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑ |
Harikrishnan et al., 2011 |
| Lb. sakei CLFP 202 | Rainbow trout (40 g) | Diet 106 CFU/g feed | 2 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection from A. salmonicida ↑ |
Balcázar et al., 2007b |
| L. lactis BFE920 | Olive flounder (37.5 ± 1.26 g, 40 ± 3 g, 55 ± 5 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed | 4 weeks | Myeloperoxidase activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Skin mucus lysozyme activity ↑, Spleen: IL-12p40 ↑, IFN-γ ↑, Intestine: IL-6 ↑, IL-8 ↑, Protection from S. iniae ↑ |
Kim et al., 2013; Beck et al., 2015 |
| L. lactis BFE920 | Olive flounder (42.7 ± 1.61 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed | 4 weeks | Intestine: CD4-1 ↑, FOXP3 ↑, IL-10 ↑, TGF-β1 ↑, IFN-γ ↑, RORγ ↓, IL-17A/F ↓, Gut permeability ↓, Protection from E. tarda ↑ |
Beck et al., 2016 |
| L. lactis ssp. lactis CLFP 100 | Rainbow trout (40 g) | Diet 106 CFU/g feed | 2 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection from A. salmonicida ↑ |
Balcázar et al., 2007b |
| L. lactis WFLU12 | Olive flounder (80.84 ± 9.37 g) | Diet 109 CFU/g feed | 2, 4, 8 weeks (consecutive) | Intestine: IL-6 (at week 4) ↑ Kidney: IL-6 (at week 2) ↑, IL-8 (at week 4) ↑, IFN-γ (at week 4) ↑, g-lysozyme (at week 4) ↑ Phagocytic activity (at week 2) ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst, at week 4) ↑, Natural infection of S. parauberis ↓ |
Nguyen et al., 2017 |
| Lc. mesenteroides CLFP 196 | Rainbow trout (40 g) | Diet 106 CFU/g feed | 2 weeks | Alternative complement activity ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Protection from A. salmonicida ↑ |
Balcázar et al., 2007b |
| P. acidilactici MA 18/5 M | Green terror (Aequidens rivulatus) (0.388 ± 0.0021 g) | Diet 0.9 × 107 CFU/g feed | 56 days | Alternative complement activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Total immunoglobulin counts ↑ |
Neissi et al., 2013 |
| P. pentosaceus PKWA-1 | Nile tilapia (0.68 ± 0.02 g, 36.89 ± 3.34 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed | 1, 14, 28, 42 days (consecutive) | Alternative complement activity ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑, Total leukocyte counts ↑, Protection from A. hydrophila ↑ |
Kaew-on et al., 2016 |
| Mixed LAB (Lb. plantarum FGL0001, L. lactis BFE920) | Olive flounder (37.5 ± 1.26 g) | Diet 107 CFU/g feed of each strain | 4 weeks | NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Skin mucus lysozyme activity ↑, Intestine: IL-6 ↑, IL-8 ↑, TNF-α ↑, Protection from S. iniae ↑ |
Beck et al., 2015 |
| Mixed LAB (Lb. plantarum SM16, Lb. plantarum SM33, Lb. fermentum SM51, Lb. brevis SM56, P. pentosaceus SM65) | Rohu (19.72 ± 0.18 g) | Diet 2 × 108 CFU/g feed of each strain | 30 days | NBT reaction (respiratory burst) ↑, Intestine and liver: TNF-α ↑, IL-10 ↑ Protection from A. hydrophila ↑ |
Maji et al., 2017 |