Table 8.
Immunological changes of finfish resulted by inactivated LAB treatment.
| LAB | Fish model (weight) | Administration route and dose | Administration length | Immunological changes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. faecalis (Nichinichi Pharmaceutical, Japan) | Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (36.3 ± 0.42 g) | Diet 0.25, 0.5% w/w inclusion to feeds | 12 weeks | Mucus secretion ↑, Phagocytic activity ↑, Protection from A. salmonicida ↑ Systemic invasion of A. salmonicida ↓ |
Rodriguez-Estrada et al., 2013 |
| E. faecalis KH2 | Goldfish (Carassius auratus)(15–20 g) In vitro, kidney leukocytes | In vivo, intraperitoneal injection 500 μg/fish In vitro treatment 50 μg/well | In vivo, 7 days; In vitro, 12 h | In vivo: CD4-1+ cells ↑, CD8α+ cells ↑, Myeloid cells ↑, Macrophages ↑, IL-12p35 ↑, IL-12p40 ↑, IFN-γ1 ↑ In vitro: IL4/13a ↑, IL-12p35 ↑, IL-12p40 ↑, IFN-γ1 ↑, IFN-γ2 ↑, infgrel1 ↑, infgrel2 ↑ |
Matsuura et al., 2017 |
| Lb. delbrueckii ssp. lactis CECT287 | Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)(65 g) In vitro, head kidney cells | In vitro treatment 5 × 105, 5 × 106 5 × 107 CFU/mL | 30 min | Respiratory burst ↑, Natural cytotoxic activity ↑, | Salinas et al., 2006 |
| Lb. paracasei spp. paracasei 06TCa22 | Tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)(205 ± 8 g) In vitro, head kidney cells | In vitro treatment 20 μg/mL | 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 h | IL-1β ↑, IL-2 ↑, IL-6 ↑, IL-7 ↑, IL-12p40 ↑, IL-17AF-3 ↑, IL-18 ↑, TNF-α ↑, TNF-N ↑, I-IFN-1 ↑, IFN-γ ↑ | Biswas et al., 2013 |
| Lb. plantarum 06CC2 | Tiger puffer (205 ± 8 g) In vitro, head kidney cells | In vitro treatment 20 μg/mL | 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 h | IL-1β ↑, IL-2 ↑, IL-6 ↑, IL-7 ↑, IL-12p40 ↑, IL-10 ↑, IL-15 ↑, IL-18 ↑, IL-21 ↑, TNF-α ↑, TNF-N ↑, I-IFN-1 ↑ | Biswas et al., 2013 |
| P. pentosaceus D3268 | Red sea bream (Pagrus major) (6 ± 0.2 g) | Diet 1.6 × 1010, 1.6 × 1011, 1.6 × 1012, 3.2 × 1012 CFU/g feed | 56 days | Mucus lysozyme activity ↑, Mucus secretion ↑, Serum lysozyme activity ↑ |
Dawood et al., 2016a |