Table 2.
Bivariate analyses of associations with child BMI z-score for levels 1, 2 and 3 of proposed conceptual hierarchical model, for preschool-aged children, school-aged children and whole sample.
| Variables | Risk category | Preschool-aged children | School-aged children | Whole sample | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | p-value | CI (95%) | β | SE | p-value | CI (95%) | β | SE | p-value | CI (95%) | ||
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||||||
| Mother's age* | −0.02 | 0.02 | >0.05 | −0.05; 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.10 | >0.05 | −0.02; 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | >0.05 | −0.02; 0.02 | |
| Father's age* | 0.01 | 0.01 | >0.05 | −0.01; 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.01 | >0.05 | −0.02; 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | >0.05 | −0.01; 0.02 | |
| Mother's education | Lower than college complete | 0.47 | 0.26 | >0.05 | −0.04; 0.99 | 0.24 | 0.15 | >0.05 | −0.06; 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.13 | <0.05 | 0.08; 0.59 |
| Father's education | Lower than college complete | 0.32 | 0.22 | >0.05 | −0.12; 0.75 | 0.28 | 0.13 | <0.05 | 0.02; 0.54 | 0.32 | 0.11 | <0.05 | 0.10; 0.55 |
| Family income | Up to 15 times the minimum wage | 0.05 | 0.15 | >0.05 | −0.25; 0.34 | 0.21 | 0.11 | >0.05 | 0.00; 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.09 | >0.05 | −0.01; 0.34 |
| Child age | 0.15 | 0.09 | >0.05 | −0.03; 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.05 | >0.05 | −0.02; 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.04; 0.13 | |
| Child sex | Male | −0.01 | 0.14 | >0.05 | −0.29; 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.11 | <0.05 | 0.05; 0.47 | 0.17 | 0.08 | <0.05 | 0.00; 0.34 |
| ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||||||
| Mother's BMI* | 0.06 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.02; 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.05; 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.05; 0.09 | |
| Father's BMI* | 0.04 | 0.02 | >0.05 | −0.01; 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01; 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.02; 0.06 | |
| PARENTAL FEEDING PRACTICES (CFPQ) | |||||||||||||
| Healthy eating guidance* | −0.38 | 0.16 | <0.05 | −0.69; −0.06 | −0.11 | 0.13 | >0.05 | −0.36; 0.14 | −0.19 | 0.10 | >0.05 | −0.39; 0.00 | |
| Monitoring* | 0.01 | 0.10 | >0.05 | −0.19; 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.08 | >0.05 | −0.10; 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.06 | >0.05 | −0.12; 0.12 | |
| Restriction for weight control* | 0.24 | 0.08 | <0.05 | 0.08; 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.31; 0.52 | 0.36 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.28; 0.45 | |
| Restriction for health* | 0.14 | 0.06 | <0.05 | 0.02; 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.09; 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.10; 0.24 | |
| Emotion regulation/Food as reward* | 0.00 | 0.11 | >0.05 | −0.22; 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.11 | >0.05 | −0.14; 0.28 | −0.02 | 0.07 | >0.05 | −0.16; 0.13 | |
| Pressure* | −0.23 | 0.07 | <0.05 | −0.38; −0.09 | −0.14 | 0.05 | <0.05 | −0.24; −0.04 | −0.17 | 0.04 | <0.001 | −0.26; −0.09 | |
Brazilian minimum wage in 2014: R$724.00 (US$ 321.77); BMI, body mass index; CFPQ, comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire.
*
Continuous variables.
Values in bold: p ≤ 0.05.