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. 2018 Aug 15;38(33):7327–7336. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2853-17.2018

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Copyright © 2018 Bachtiar, Johnstone et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Percentage change in GABA during and after anodal(A), cathodal (B), and bilateral (C) stimulation relative to sham stimulation. Brain images show the location of MRS voxels and stimulation. Red indicates anode placement, blue cathode placement, and gray no electrode placement. *Significant main effect of condition for each sham versus real stimulation comparison of the baselined GABA concentrations. Error bars indicate SEM. A, Decrease in GABA was observed in both stimulated and nonstimulated M1s in response to anodal tDCS (right M1, n = 12; left M1, n = 9). B, Significant decrease in GABA was observed only within the nonstimulated right M1 in the cathodal tDCS condition (right M1, n = 10; left M1, n = 7). C, Significant decrease in GABA was observed only within the cathode-targeted right M1 in response to bilateral tDCS condition (right M1, n = 10; left M1, n = 8).