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. 2018 Aug 8;9:1837. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01837

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Copyright © 2018 Baumann, Routes, Soler-Palacín and Jolles.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development of immunoglobulin replacement therapy and infection rates since 1990s. Data for immunoglobulin (Ig) trough levels (top left) and infection rates (top right) are from a cohort of 115 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) or X-linked agammaglobulinemia reported by Lucas et al. (1). A combined analysis of data on the percentage of patients experiencing pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections (bottom left) is shown in three large series of CVID patients in 1999, 2008, and 2011 (two from the same cohort in the United States 12 years apart, 248 and 252 patients, and one from a French cohort, 473 patients); reproduced with kind permission from 2014 British Society for Immunology, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 178: 67–69 (2). Mortality data (bottom right) for 1971 are from Healy et al. (6); those for 1999 and 2012 are from a single cohort follow up reported by Resnick et al. (7). DEFI, a French national study. Abbreviation: PAD, primary antibody deficiencies.