Table 1.
Observed and estimated means, standard deviations, confidence intervals effect sizes (Cohen's d) and percentage change for the overall sample.
| Observed means |
Estimated marginal means |
LOCF means |
Cohen's d effect sizes a |
Percentage change from baseline b |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Follow-up | Pre | Post | Follow-up | Pre | Post | Follow-up | Pre to post | Post to follow-up | Pre to post | Pre to follow-up | |
| Primary measures | |||||||||||||
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 12.08 (4.87) | 6.54 (5.91) | 4.08 (4.54) | 12.08 (4.80) | 6.49 (4.51) | 4.37 (2.62) | 12.08 (4.87) | 8.39 (5.91) | 7.72 (5.64) | 1.20 (.69–1.69) | .57 (.10–1.04) | 46.3 (32.6–57.2) | 63.8 (56.0–70.3) |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 10.44 (4.01) | 5.77 (5.59) | 3.77 (5.02) | 10.44 (3.96) | 5.72 (4.27) | 4.58 (2.96) | 10.44 (4.01) | 7.61 (5.54) | 7.31 (5.54) | 1.15 (.64–1.63) | .31 (−.16–0.77) | 45.3 (30.2–57.1) | 56.2 (45.9–64.5) |
| Secondary measures | |||||||||||||
| Disability (SDS) | 22.50 (9.89) | 14.77 (13.10) | 9.08 (13.51) | 22.50 (9.75) | 14.54 (10.01) | 8.99 (7.80) | 22.50 (9.89) | – | – | 0.81 (.32–1.28) | .62 (.14–1.08) | 35.4 (19.1–48.4) | 60.0 (46.9–69.9) |
| Distress (K10) | 28.06 (6.96) | 21.13 (10.85) | 17.23 (9.09) | 28.06 (6.86) | 21.11 (8.29) | 17.88 (5.27) | 28.06 (6.96) | – | – | 0.91 (.42–1.39) | .47 (−.01–.93) | 24.8 (14.5–33.8) | 36.3 (29.8–42.1) |
Note. Standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses. Pre: Pre-treatment, Post: Post-treatment; Follow-up: 3 month follow-up; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item; GAD-7: Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-Item.; SDS: Sheehan Disability Scale; K10: Kessler 10-item; LOCF: Last Observation Carried Forward. No LOCF for secondary measures as no mid-treatment data was collected.
The effect sizes from baseline statistics are based on estimated marginal means derived from the GEE models.
The percentage change from baseline statistics are estimates of relative change derived from the GEE models conducted separately for each outcome.