Table 3.
Means and standard deviations for well-being and psychological distress and results of the repeated measures analysis of variance and Cohen's d for between group effect sizes, intention-to-treat analysis.
| TL-E (n = 137) |
WL (n = 138) |
Effect size d [95% CI] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | Fa | p | ||
| MHC-SF | |||||
| Baseline | 2.56 (0.62) | 2.59 (0.64) | |||
| 3 months | 3.09 (0.67) | 2.64 (0.66) | 0.68 [0.44–0.92] | ||
| 6 months | 3.13 (0.74) | 2.65 (0.71) | 42.00 | < 0.001 | 0.66 [0.42–0.90] |
| 12 months | 3.12 (0.76) | 2.78 (0.74) | |||
| EWB | |||||
| Baseline | 2.80 (0.77) | 2.75 (0.72) | |||
| 3 months | 3.29 (0.76) | 2.81 (0.80) | 0.62 [0.38–0.86] | ||
| 6 months | 3.42 (0.86) | 2.93 (0.88) | 18.10 | < 0.001 | 0.56 [0.32–0.80] |
| 12 months | 3.34 (0.90) | 2.93 (0.82) | |||
| SWB | |||||
| Baseline | 2.35 (0.74) | 2.38 (0.72) | |||
| 3 months | 2.80 (0.67) | 2.42 (0.70) | 0.56 [0.32–0.80] | ||
| 6 months | 2.76 (0.80) | 2.38 (0.72) | 21.70 | < 0.001 | 0.50 [0.26–0.74] |
| 12 months | 2.81 (0.81) | 2.52 (0.79) | |||
| PWB | |||||
| Baseline | 2.62 (0.68) | 2.68 (0.72) | |||
| 3 months | 3.22 (0.76) | 2.75 (0.73) | 0.63 [0.39–0.87] | ||
| 6 months | 3.28 (0.81) | 2.73 (0.79) | 39.55 | < 0.001 | 0.69 [0.44–0.93] |
| 12 months | 3.26 (0.80) | 2.93 (0.81) | |||
| FS | |||||
| Baseline | 41.95 (6.19) | 40.94 (6.74) | |||
| 3 months | 44.19 (6.52) | 41.82 (6.25) | 0.37 [0.13–0.61] | ||
| 6 months | 43.75 (7.57) | 41.22 (7.16) | 2.45 | 0.087 | 0.34 [0.10–0.58] |
| 12 months | 44.28 (6.98) | 42.89 (6.22) | |||
| HADS-Ab | |||||
| Baseline | 7.10 (2.43) | 7.47 (2.37) | |||
| 6 months | 5.29 (3.08) | 7.31 (3.38) | 21.65 | < 0.001 | 0.63 [0.39–0.87] |
| 12 months | 5.44 (3.25) | ||||
| HADS-Db | |||||
| Baseline | 5.78 (2.53) | 5.83 (2.42) | |||
| 6 months | 3.88 (4.00) | 5.45 (3.37) | 13.62 | < 0.001 | 0.43 [0.19–0.67] |
| 12 months | 4.02 (3.64) |
CI = confidence interval; EWB = Emotional Well-being, measured with the MHC-SF; FS = Flourishing Scale; HADS-A = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; MHC-SF = Mental Health Continuum-Short Form; PWB = Psychological Well-being, measured with the MHC-SF; SWB = Social Well-being, measured with the MHC-SF; TL-E = intervention group, ‘This is your life’ with email support; WL = wait-list control group.
Interaction effect (time × group). When the assumption of sphericity is violated, Greenhouse-Geisser results are reported.
The HADS-A and HADS-D were measured at screening, approximately 2 weeks before baseline.