Table 4.
Estimated marginal means and within and between-groups effect sizes at 3-month follow-up for internet CBT, book CBT, and meditation book groups.
| Post (T3) | 3 Month FU (T4) | Within t(df) T3, T4 | Within ES (95%CI) T3, T4 | Between ES (95%CI) T4 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ-9 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | iCBT v bCBT | iCBT v bMED | bCBT v bMED | ||
| iCBT | 8.70 (5.28) | 9.04 (5.20) | 0.36 (1, 100.10) | 0.06 (− 0.43–0.55) | − 0.27 (− 73–0.20), ns | 0.46 (− 0.04–0.97), ns | 0.73 (0.26–1.20)* |
| bCBT | 8.34 (5.28) | 7.62 (5.25) | 0.92 (1, 97.24) | 0.13 (− 0.29–0.54) | |||
| bMED | 8.81 (5.31) | 11.47 (5.15) | 3.02 (1, 100.21)* | 0.56 (0.09–1.04)* | |||
| K-10 | iCBT v bCBT | iCBT v bMED | bCBT v bMED | ||||
| iCBT | 21.89 (7.35) | 22.50 (7.23) | 0.49 (1, 101.46) | 0.07 (− 0.43–0.56) | − 0.10 (− 0.56–0.37), ns | 0.42 (− 0.08–0.93), ns | 0.52 (− 0.06–0.99), ns |
| bCBT | 22.16 (7.34) | 21.79 (7.21) | 0.37 (1, 98.87) | 0.05 (− 0.36–0.47) | |||
| bMED | 23.53 (7.43) | 25.60 (7.13) | 1.77 (1, 100.66) | 0.30 (− 0.16–0.77) | |||
| GAD-7 | iCBT v bCBT | iCBT v bMED | bCBT v bMED | ||||
| iCBT | 6.12 (4.60) | 6.32 (4.55) | 0.77 (1, 100.39) | 0.13 (− 0.36–0.63) | − 0.18 (− 0.64–0.29), ns | 0.49 (− 0.01–1.00), ns | − 0.68 (0.21–1.16)* |
| bCBT | 5.90 (4.66) | 5.50 (4.39) | 0.60 (1, 96.85) | 0.10 (− 0.31–0.52) | |||
| bMED | 7.06 (4.67) | 8.56 (4.47) | 2.01 (1, 99.59)* | 0.28 (− 0.19–0.74) | |||
| NEO | iCBT v bCBT | iCBT v bMED | bCBT v bMED | ||||
| iCBT | 30.26 (7.64) | 29.58 (7.61) | 0.54 (1, 102.05) | 0.07 (− 0.43–0.56) | − 0.28 (− 0.75–0.18), ns | 0.16 (− 0.33–0.66), ns | 0.45 (− 0.001–0.91), ns |
| bCBT | 29.19 (7.68) | 27.41 (7.54) | 1.71 (1, 2.94) | 0.25 (− 0.16–0.67) | |||
| bMED | 30.07 (7.75) | 30.83 (7.41) | 0.65 (1, 102.50) | 0.10 (− 0.36–0.56) | |||
Note. ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.01, ns = p > 0.05. GAD-7 = Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; iCBT = internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy group; K-10 = Kessler 10-item Psychological Distress scale; NEO = NEO-Five Factor Inventory – Neuroticism Subscale; PHQ-9 = The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, WLC = waitlist control group. Within-group ES = Hedges g; between-group ES = Hedges g with Hedges pooled SD. T3 = post-treatment, T4 = 3-month follow-up. T3: iCBT = 33, bCBT = 47; bMED = 41, WLC = 48; T4 iCBT = 30, bCBT = 43; bMED = 32.