A smart bilayered scaffold supporting keratinocytes and muscle cells in micro/nano-scale for urethral reconstruction

Erratum 1

In our paper ¹, Figure 5 and Figure 6 should be corrected as follows.

Erratum 2

Sentence of page 3156:

“After the urethral caliber was assessed with retrograde urethrograms, five animals from each group were killed at one and three months post-implantation.”.

should be modified to be:

“"After the urethral caliber was assessed with retrograde urethrograms, five animals from each group were killed at three and six months post-implantation".

Erratum 3

Sentence of page 3159:

“At 1 month, retrograde urethrograms showed a wide urethral caliber without a fistula or stricture in group A (Fig. 5 G). However, group B revealed mild strictures in all dogs, and bladder distension occurred after catheter removal in 3 dogs at 1 month (Fig. 5 I).

Figure 5.

(A-F) During the surgical procedure in a dog model, the urethra between the bladder and the pubic symphysis was exposed, and a 5 cm long urethra section was transected and removed. Then, the scaffold was sutured onto the urethral defect. (G-L) Comparison of urethrography images in each group at 3 and 6 months after operation. The arrow indicates the urethroplasty site of the urethra.

At 3 months, retrograde urethrography revealed the maintenance of a wide urethral caliber without any sign of strictures in group A (Fig. 5 H).

Histological assays were performed on all groups at 1 and 3 months post-operation. At 1 month, all canines in group A had intact epithelial cellular layers: 2-3 layers of well-developed, stratified epithelium (Fig. 6 A, C) and increased numbers of organized muscle bundles were observed (Fig. 6 B, D). At 1 and 3 months, a large amount of new growth vascular formation was observed in groups A and B (Fig. 6 E, J, O, T).”

Figure 6.

Histologic analysis of reconstructed urethras at 3 and 6 months post-implantation. Evaluation of epithelium, smooth muscle and vessels with AE1/AE3, desmin and CD31 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in the retrieved urethra; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin.

should be modified to be:

" At 3 month, retrograde urethrograms showed a wide urethral caliber without a fistula or stricture in group A (Fig. 5 G). However, group B revealed mild strictures in all dogs, and bladder distension occurred after catheter removal in 3 dogs at 3 month (Fig. 5 I).

At 6 months, retrograde urethrography revealed the maintenance of a wide urethral caliber without any sign of strictures in group A (Fig. 5 H).

Histological assays were performed on all groups at 3 and 6 months post-operation. At 3 month, all canines in group A had intact epithelial cellular layers: 2-3 layers of well-developed, stratified epithelium (Fig. 6 A, C) and increased numbers of organized muscle bundles were observed (Fig. 6 B, D). At 3 and 6 months, a large amount of new growth vascular formation was observed in groups A and B (Fig. 6 E, J, O, T).".