Table 2.
circRNA as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
| Name | Disease | Regulation (in Disease) | Function | human GWAS/Mouse models | Role in vivo | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circNPPA | Heart defects (multiple) |
n.a. (expressed in diseased tissue) |
n.a. |
Right atrium, vena cava, heart tissues |
n.a. (but produced from disease-linked mRNAs): | [234] |
| circCORIN | NPPA: heart failure [228] | [85] | ||||
| circRYR2 | CORIN: heart failure [229] | [84] | ||||
| circMYH6 | RYR2: atrial fibrillation [230] | [195] |
||||
| circQKI | MYH6: hypertrophic cardiomyopathies [231] | |||||
| circSLC8A1 | QKI: CAD [193] | |||||
| circTitin | SLC8A1/NCX: heart failure and arrhythmia, hypertension [232] | |||||
| (h.s.) | ||||||
|
TITIN: DCM [233]) | ||||||
|
circANRIL (h.s.) |
CAD |
Down |
Protective |
Blood T-cells, PBMCs, carotid endarterectomy tissue |
n.a. (Human GWAS: Associated with CAD risk SNPs (chr9p21); Generally antiproliferative, proapoptotic; Anticorrelation with linear ANRIL isoforms) |
[107] |
| [106] | ||||||
| [148,149,235] | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0124644 | CAD |
Up |
n.a. |
PBMCs |
n.a. |
[137] |
| hsa_circ_0082081 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0113854 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0098964 | ||||||
| hsa_circRNA5974-1 | ||||||
| (h.s.) | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0089378 | CAD |
Up |
n.a. |
Blood plasma |
n.a. |
[138] |
| hsa_circ_0083357 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0082824 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0068942 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0057576 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0054537 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0051172 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0032970 | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0006323 | ||||||
| (h.s.) | ||||||
| circHIPK3 | Diabetic retinopathy (TIID) |
Up |
n.a. |
Blood plasma, aqueous humor of eyes |
n.a. |
[139] |
| orthologs: | ||||||
| hsa_circ_0000284 | ||||||
| mmu_circ_0001052 | ||||||
|
(h.s., m.m.) # | ||||||
| Hsa_circ_0054633 | Prediabetic state (TIID) |
Up |
n.a. |
Peripheral whole blood |
n.a. |
[140] |
|
(h.s.) # | ||||||
| hsa-circ-0005870 | Hypertension |
Down |
n.a. |
Blood plasma |
n.a. |
[141] |
| (h.s.)# | ||||||
|
MICRA (h.s.) # |
MI: LVD |
Down |
n.a. |
Peripheral whole blood |
n.a. (predictor for LVD) |
[142] |
| circR-284:mir-221 ratio | Stroke (acute phase) | Up | n.a. | Blood serum | n.a. (circRNA Up/microRNA Down) | [144] |
| (h.s.) |
# (marking circRNAs associated with CAD risk factors), DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy), MI (myocardial infarction), LVD (Left ventricular dysfunction), LAD (permanent ligation of the left anterior descending), PBMCs (blood mononuclear cells), ECs (vascular endothelial cells), h.s. (homo sapiens), m.m. (mus musculus).