Cardiac specific overexpression of miR-199b sensitizes the heart to MI. (a) Real-time PCR analysis of miR-199b transcript abundance in hearts from wild type (WT) or miR-199b transgenic mice (TG) subjected to either sham or MI. Rnu6-2 was used as a reference gene for normalization. (b-d)Assessment of cardiac functional parameters by cardiac echocardiography, in WT and miR-199b transgenic mice (TG) after 4 weeks of either sham or MI surgery: (b) fractional shortening (FS), (c) LV internal diameter at systole (LVIDs) and (d) early to late ventricular filling velocity (E/A). (e) Real-time PCR analysis of transcript abundance for the fetal gene markers natriuretic peptide atrial natriuretic factor (nppa), α-skeletal actin (acta1) and β−myosin heavy chain (myh7) in the hearts from WT or miR-199b transgenic mice (TG), 4 weeks after either sham or MI operation. n = 6–9, *P < 0.05 (mean ± s.e.m.).