Figure 2.

Illustration of the general workflow of ECT and STA to study bacterial flagellar motors. Schematic showing the different steps including sample preparation, data acquisition, tomogram reconstruction and subtomogram averaging. Samples are plunge-frozen in liquid cryogen, transferred to the microscope for the acquisition of images of cells over a range of angles and computationally reconstructed to form a tomogram; finally, identical structures from different cells are superimposed and averaged to yield a subtomogram average.